Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Internal medicine (eob) ECR > 2021 > Flashcards

2021 Flashcards

1
Q

1) presents with HIV + kaposi’s sarcoma
confirm splenomegaly (5)

A
  • enlarges inferomedially
  • moves early on inspiration
  • not ballotable
  • has a notch
  • can’t get above it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2) red flags of lower back pain (5)

rheuma

A
  • age < 20
  • trauma
  • unexplained fever/weight loss
  • neurological deficit
  • malignancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3) signs of acute onset asthma (5)

pulmonology

A
  • cyanosis
  • dizzyness
  • dyspnoea
  • tachypnoea
  • tachycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4) symptoms of severe asthma attack (4)

pulmonology

A
  • cough
  • wheeze
  • shortness of breath
  • tight chest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

5) signs of LVF (4)

cardio

A
  • pulsus alternans
  • s3
  • displaced dilated apex
  • bi-basal crackles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

6) signs (3) + causes (4) of pre-renal failure

nephro

A

signs
- orthostatic hypotension
- thirst
- oliguria

causes
- dehydration
- shock
- sepsis
- drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

7) test to confirm pre-renal failure (2)

nephro

A
  • urea:creatinine ratio
  • fractional excretion of Na
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

8) signs of TB on abdo exam (5)

infectious disease

A
  • weight loss
  • abdominal pain
  • abdominal mass
  • ascites
  • hepatomegaly
  • (fever)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

9) confirm dx of TB abdomen (4)

infectious disease

A
  • saag < 11
  • lymphocytic with raised ada
  • para-aortic lymphnodes
  • micro-abscess
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

10) ischaemic cva risk factors (5)

neuro

A
  • dm
  • hpt
  • smoking
  • high cholesterol
  • alcohol use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

11) lancunar stroke
a. definition
b. sign

neuro

A

a. a type of ischaemic stroke that occurs in the deep parts of the brain.

b. hemiparesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

12) signs of pericardial effusion (3)

cardio

A
  • absent apex beat
  • muffled heart sounds
  • increased cardiac dullness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

13) pulsus paradoxus definition

A

decrease in BP of more than 10mmHg during inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

14) substance that causes jaundice

A

bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

15) 3 main categories of jaundice causes + example

A

pre - hepatic
- excessive red cell breakdown
- eg. haemolytic anaemia

hepatic
- dysfunction of hepatic cells
- eg. alcoholic liver disease

post-hepatic
- obstruction of biliary drainage
- eg. gallstones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

16) DMT1 microvascular complications

A
  • nephropathy
  • retinopathy
  • neuropathy
  • (gastroparesis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

17) signs of CCF on cxr (5)

cardio

A
  • peri-brochial cuffing
  • kerley b,c lines
  • small effusion
  • fluid in fissure
  • upper lobe diversion of blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

18) clinical features of severe hpt (5)

cardio

A
  • chest pain
  • dizziness
  • severe headache
  • SOB
  • nausea and vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

19) 3 anatomical structures that can have lesions leading to portal hpt
- condition affecting structures

liver linking signs

A
  • liver: cirrhosis
  • portal vein: portal vein thrombosis
  • heaptic veins: budd chiari
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

20) patient presents with an
enlarged lymph node…
Which characteristics of lymph nodes would you seek to aid you with a differential diagnosis and how would these findings influence your diagnosis and approach (6)

examination

A
  • site
  • size
  • consistency
  • duration
  • mobility
  • tenderness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

21) chracteristics of different kinds of chest pain (5)

examination

A
  • type of pain
  • onset
  • radiation
  • exacerbating factors
  • alleviating factors
22
Q

22) presents with an irregularly irregular pulse
a. define irregular irregular pulse
b. dx of irregular irregular pulse
c. 2 additional signs

A

a. heart rate is irregular and no pattern can be found
b. AFib
c. pulse deficit and fatigue

23
Q

23) convulsions vs syncope (5)

A

seizure
- aura
- 1-2 min
- myoclonic jerks before LOC
- post ictal confusion
- eyes open

syncope
- no aura
- myoclonic jerks after LOC
- < 1 min
- rapid recovery
- eyes closed/rolled back

24
Q

24) difference between pneumothorax, pe, consolidation

A

inspection
- pneomo: trachea + apex shifted away
- pe: movement dec on affected side
- consolidation: movement dec on affected side

palpation
- pneomo: dec vocal fremitus
- pe: dec vocal fremitus
- consolidation: inc vocal fremitus

percussion
- pneomo: hyperresonant
- pe: stony dull
- consolidation: dull

auscultation
- pneomo: dec breath sounds, dec vocal resonance
- pe: dec breath sounds, dec vocal resonance
- consolidation: crackels, bronchial breathing, vocal resonance inc

25
25) patient presents with hyperthyroidism... which clinical signs and features would point towards Graves disease (4)
- bruit - grave’s ophthalmopathy - grave’s dermopathy - acropachy
26
26) man presents with a swollen right leg after travelling on a plane for a business trip a. most likely diagnosis b. Virchow’s triad (3) c. differential diagnosis of a swollen leg besides the above diagnosis (4)
a. dvt b. stasis of blood flow hypercoagulability endothelial injury c. infection lympoedema trauma soft tissue/bone malignancy
27
27) clinical signs of pht (4) | cardio
- big a wave on jvp - parasternal heave - loud s2 - tricuspid regurg
28
28) HIV positive, low CD4 presents with fever, depressed level of consciousness and progressive headache a. differential diagnosis (4) b. other associated signs (4)
a. tbm cryptococcal meningitis bacterial meningitis opportunistic infections like toxoplamosis b. raised icp nausea and vomiting papilloedema headache worse on cough
29
29) Which lymph nodes should be specifically examined if lung cancer is suspected
- axillary - cervical - supraclavicular
30
30) An elderly gentleman known with diabetes type 2 and hypertension presents with pain in the right knee. a. What could be the possible diagnosis (5) b. What special investigation could confirm the diagnosis
a. sepsis gout pseudogout avascular necrosis trauma b. gram stain and culture synovial fluid
31
31) clinical features of hypothyroidism (5)
- skin cold, rough, dry - hoarse voice - yellow skin discolouration - bradycardia - puffy face
32
32) mechanism of a. S3 b. S4 c. List 2 conditions causing each of the above
a. rapid ventricular filling on opening of av valves b. atrial contraction with non-compliant ventricle c. s3: AR, MR s4: AS, hpt
33
33) nail signs and pathology (5)
- blue: cyanosis - red: polycythaemia - clubbing: infective endocarditis - leuconychia: hypoalbuminaemia - koilonychia: fe defiency
34
34) fe deficiency anaemia a. dx (3) b. investigation findings (3)
a. fbc blood smear serum ferritin b. dec haemoglobin microcytosis hypochromia
35
35) patient presents with liver failure due to paracetamol overdose a. clinical signs (3) b. investigations to confirm liver failure (4)
a. jaundice bruising encephalopathy b. bilirubin inr albumin cholesterol
36
36) nephrotic syndrome a. clinical features (5) b. differential dx (4) c. manage causes (4)
a. hpt odema proteinuria inc cholesterol hypoalbuminaemia b. minimal change disease fsgs dibetes hivan c. fix cause reduce proteinuria anti-coagulate repeat tests
37
37) IHD a. 3 acute coronary sydromes b. difference between them
a. unstable angina stemi nstemi b. unstable angina: non-occlusive thrombus nstemi: incomplete thrombus occlusion stemi: complete thrombus occlusion
38
38) signs of aortic incompetence (regurg) (5)
- decrescendo murmur - dilated displaced apex - waterhammer pulse - best heard sitting forward on exhalation - soft s2
39
39) complications of TB spine (2)
- paraplegia - cold abscess - (spinal deformity)
40
40) UMN lesion (5)
- hypertonia - hyperreflexia - clonus - babinski's sign - regional weakness
41
41) young Intravenous drug user presents with signs of tricuspid regurgitation a. findings on exam b. underlying cause
a. parasternal heave pansystolic murmur pulsatile liver raised jvp b. infective endocarditis
42
42) respiratory examination a. What is whispering pectoriloquy and what causes it? b. What is amphoteric breathing and what causes it? c. How would you demonstrate Pemberton’s sign and if it is positive, what does it indicate
a. whispered words can be heard clearly during auscultation - consolidation b. hollow breathing heard over cavity - cavitation, cyst c. lift both arms above your head and if positive, you'll start to see signs cyanosis or plethora after 1 - 2 minutes- sup vena cava obstruction
43
43) headache red flags (5)
- > 50 years - onset sudden - after recent trauma - neuro deficit - papilloedema
44
44) an older woman has severe hypertension despite being on 3 antihypertensive drugs, what could be the cause of this?
- adherance - chronic kidney disease causes resistant hpt
45
45) HIV patient presents with renal disease a. What is the differential diagnosis?(4) b. What could confirm that it is HIVAN (3)
a. dm hivan pckd myeloma b. exclusion - prerenal causes - drug related - usual causes like GN
46
46) patient presents with a pleural effusion. the patient is a chronic smoker a. clinical signs (4) b. causes (2) c. confirm diagnosis
a. trachea shifted away stony dullness absent breath sounds dec expansion on affected side b. tb and cancer c. pleural tap
47
47) rheumatoid arthritis vs osteoarthritis
rheumatoid (inflam) - pain worse in morning - swelling - redness - warmth - morning stiffness > 1 hr osteo (non-inflam) - worse in evening or after a hard day's work - no swelling - no redness - rarely warm - morning stiffness < 30 min
48
48) lacunar stroke a. common clinical presentations b. important to distinguish
a. - pure motor hemiparesis - pure sensory stroke - ataxic hemiparesis - sensorimotor stroke b. nb because you have to know if you need to look for associated embolic events
49
49) causes of LVF (5)
- hpt - ihd - inflammatory - idiopathic - metabolic (vit def) - (postpartum)
50
51) clinical signs of ILD (5)
- cyanosis - clubbing - dry cough - fine insp crackles - decreased expansion
51
52) clinical signs of severe malaria
- metabolic acidosis - pulmonary oedema - hypoglycaemia - severe anaemia - shock

Internal medicine (eob) ECR (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions