2023 Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
Anti epileptic with cognitive impairment, gingival hyperplasia and drug interactions of cyp450 3A4 enzyme induction?
A
phenytoin
2
Q
antianginal med works by blocking beta adrenoceptor
A
atenolol
3
Q
Three endogenous catecholamines
A
norepi, epi and dopamine
4
Q
Cardiac output is a function of HR and
A
Stroke volume
5
Q
Myocardial Oxygen demand is determined by
A
- Heart rate
- Myocardial contractility
- Myocardial wall stress
6
Q
Whichofthefollowing is true regarding the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade?
a. All components are present in the blood
b. Monitored by the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
c. Results in the formation of activated factor VII (VIIa)
d. Starts when blood comes in contact with a foreign object
A
c. Results in the formation of activated factor VII (VIIa)
7
Q
Which of the following is true regarding the intrinsic pathway
A
All components are present in the blood
8
Q
Predictable, dose related reaction not part of the desired therapeutic effect
A
side effect
9
Q
levoflxacin is 2C9 inhibitor, warfarin is 2c9 substrate, what happens if taken together
A
increased warfarin effect
10
Q
Results from covalent mod and alteration of DNA?
A
Mutagenesis
11
Q
What will dissolve in H2O?
A
Must be ionized
12
Q
Ionized for of a drug more readily crosses plasma membrane
A
false
13
Q
after FDA approval how long is left of patent life?
A
5-10 years
14
Q
beta 2 agonist for short term control in asthma
A
albuterol
15
Q
Vaugh williams classification of potassium channel blocker
A
Class III
16
Q
Vaugh williams classification of calcium channel blocker
A
class IV
17
Q
What happens to EC50 when competitive agonist added
A
shifts right
18
Q
What is a high intensity dose?
A
Rosuvastatin at 20 mg
19
Q
High intensity drug/dose?
A
Atorvasatin (Lipitor) 80mg
20
Q
Most perfusion
A
Central organs (heart brain liver blood kidney)
21
Q
HDL
A
> 60
22
Q
LDL
A
<100
23
Q
competively inhibits conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by TPA?
A
Tranexamic acid
24
Q
Which drug associated with anaphylactic shock
A
penecillin
25
dry secretions and increase hr in nerve agent exposure
atropine
26
patient using albuterol for asthma, which medication is most likely to result in pharmacodyamic interaction and negate use?
propranolol
27
class of lipid lowering agents most potent lowering LDL cholesterol, also expensive?
PCSK- 9 inhibitors
28
study of genetic basis of ADME and receptor target interactions
pharmacogenomics
29
Study of drug effects at population level
Pharmacoepidemiology
30
Enzyme responsible for breaking down acetylcholine in serum
acetycholinesterase
31
taking APAP with codeine, what effects can it have on other meds they take?
Slowed absorption
32
clot occurs in arterial circulation and consists of platelets?
white thrombus
33
avoid all in asthma
aspirin/nsaids, opiates and barbiturates and antihistamine
34
Non-covalent type of interaction
formation of hydrogen peroxide
35
antianginal medication with gingival hyperplasia
dilitiazem
36
direct thrombin inhibitor
pradaxa
37
Which would you not expect with acute cholinergic toxicity
dry mouth
38
Drug for chronic dry mouth, avoid adverse effects while max stimulation of saliva
M3 receptors
39
property of drug gives ability to bind to several subtypes of adrenergic receptors?
Multiple steroisomers
40
In pregnancy have drug variation due to
increased RBF and GFR
41
Positive inotropic that increase gag reflex
digoxin
42
Colesevelam
binding to bile acid and preventing resorption
43
Pharmacodynamic versus pharmacokinetic
dynamic- drug on boday
kinetics- body on drug
44
Causes vasodilation by blocking l-type calcium channels
felodipine
45
Sildenafil
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor
| or Tadalafil
46
On ACEinhibitor that gives cough, what can they swith to so no cough
Valsartan = assuming all sartans
47
epi
neurohormone
48
Catalyzes rate limiting step
lovastatin
49
Last step in atherogenesis?
Fibrous cap over lipid core
50
First step in atherogenesis
endothelial dysfunction
51
dose response curve when add compet antag
shifts right
52
Example of Alpha-1
Peripheral vascular bed, vasoconstriction, sympathomimetic, urinary sphincter constriction-- possible options
53
alpha-1 receptor
increases sympathetic tone
54
lipoprotein with lowest portion of triglycerides
HDL
55
irreversible bond
covalent
56
Which of the following factor Xa inhibitors
All of the above (apixaban, edoxaban, fondaparinux)
57
Prevents prothrombin to thrombin
factor Xa inhibitor
58
amount of drug absorbed per amount administers
bioavailability
59
Optimal level for triglycerides?
<150
60
Xa and Thrombin inhibitor
Heparin
61
What type of opioid receptor is naloxone?
G- protein couple receptor
62
Opioid receptor competitively antagonized by
naloxone
63
Prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin by factor Xa
factor Xa inhibitors
64
Arythmia >100 beats per minute
tachycardia
65
Beta blocker
atenolol
66
Beta blocker safest for severe asthma?
Metoprolol
67
Severe cholinergic toxicity, what is atropine NOT effective in treating?
Paralysis
68
Alpha adrenergic antagonists that can occur if patient gets up to quickly from chair
alpha 1 blockade: orthostatic hypotension
69
Side effect of hair growt
minoxidil and hyperkalemia
70
MTC
minimum toxic concentration
71
Ligand binding domain on the inside of cells
steroid receptors
72
Plasma proteins are good targets for
monoclonal antibodies
73
Dry mouth and sedation
Diphenhydramine (benadryl)
74
IV doses, bioavailability
100%
75
Positive pleiotropic effect of statins
improved endothelial function
76
Medication inhibits the final common pathway in platelet aggregation
eptifibatide
77
myocardial oxygen demand determinant
heart rate
78
sympathetic, post ganglion neuron release
norepi
79
7 transmembrane receptor
opioid mu receptor
80
acidic drug, acidic ph
non ionized, protonated
81
Beta 2 adrenergic receptors
triggers bronchodilation
82
1994 DSHEA
prohibited full FDA review on supplements and botanicals as drugs
83
DSHEA stands for
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act
84
On the label of a dietary supplement “Will help kids feel better about homework”
Permissable
85
A patient wants to take 250mg of ginger before treatment and 250mg after treatment. What should you tell her?
That’s fine as long as she takes the dose as she described above
86
A patient likes to take Valium but you know they also took Echinacea, which inhibits the enzyme that normally metabolizes Valium. What should you tell the patient?
a. Be careful driving home bc the effects will be increased
b. You need to take more bc the effects will be decreased
c. Not applicable
a. Be careful driving home bc the effects will be increased
87
St. John’s wort affects the most drugs in what substrate category?
3A4
88
Which of the following can be used to treat burning mouth?
Alpha-lipoic acid
89
A patient undergoes radiation therapy. Which of the following can you use to prevent oral mucositis?
a. Tea tree oil
b. Chamomile
c. Co-enzyme Q10
d. Turmeric
e. B and D
e. B and D
90
A person didn’t like the taste of CHX but they needed something to treat gingivitis. What would you have them use?
0.2% TTO and 3X swish and spit
91
Which of the following is an adverse effect of Kava?
a. Liver failure
b. Kidney failure
c. Stroke
d. None of the above
a. Liver failure
92
Patient wants supplement that increases salivary flow
Co-Q (100mg/day)
93
Which of the “4 Gs” herbs is the most concerning regarding excessive bleeding associated with surgery?
Garlic
94
Which of the following essential oils is regularly used both topically and orally?
Peppermint oil
95
You discover a patient is taking St. John's wort along with a prescription medication that is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4. You are worried that
The patient will not be getting full effectiveness of their prescription medication
96
Which of the following resources would be considered the BEST if you wanted to check on the quality of a particular dietary supplement brand?
ConsumerLab.com
97
St. John’s wort has many drug interactions. Generally, it makes drugs...
less effective
98
What inhibits 2 steps before statin?
Bempedoic acid
99
Which of the following inhibits factor Xa AND thrombin?
Heparin
100
101
What is in Virchow’s triad?
All of the above (stasis, vessel wall injury, hyperstability)
102
What prevents conversion of ang 1 to ang II
Lisinopril (not aliskirin)
103
Selexipag has what mechanism of action?
Selective prostacyclin IP receptor agonist
104
What is the mechanism of action of Ezetimibe?
Blocks transport protein NPC1L1 at brush border of enterocyte
105
Which medication blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
ACE inhibitor
106
Whichofthe following drugs inhibits the action of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5)?
a. Captopril (Capoten)
b. Diltiazem (Cardizem)
c. Hydralazine (Apresoline)
d. Tadalafil (Adcirca) + Sil
d. Tadalafil (Adcirca) + Sil
107
Which of the following is a Factor Xa inhibitor?
a. Apixaban (Eliquis
b. Clopidogrel (Plavix
c. Edoxaban (Savaysa)
d. Both A & C
d. Both A & C
108
Clopidogrel is a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor. What substrate normally binds to the P2Y12 receptor?
ADP
109
Which receptor does Endothelin-1 bind to that causes vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction and increased aldosterone secretion?
a. ETA
b. ETB
c. P2Y12
d. GPIIb/IIIa
a. ETA
110
Whichofthefollowing medications has a risk of gingival hyperplasia?
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
