203 Exam #2

Question 1

Neurologic system:
- balance, coordination, & movement
- speech
- senses

Answer 1

Cerebellum

Question 2

Neurologic system:
- sight

Answer 2

Occipital lobe

Question 3

Neurologic system:
- interpretation of smells sound & language
- Wernicke’s area

Answer 3

Temporal lobe

Question 4

Neurologic system:
- breathing
- heart rate
- cough
- sleep
- consciousness

Answer 4

Brain stem

Question 5

Neurologic system:
- cardiac
- vasomotor
- respiratory
- digestion

Answer 5

Medulla oblongata

Question 6

Neurologic system:
- respiratory function

Answer 6

Pons

Question 7

Neurologic system:
- auditory & visual reflexes

Answer 7

Midbrain

Question 8

Three vital parts of the brain stem

Answer 8

Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

Question 9

Are the following examples of subjective or objective data regarding alterations in the neurologic system:
- pain
- nervousness
- dizziness
- nausea
- vertigo
- changes in vision
- parasthesia (numbness & tingling

Answer 9

Subjective

Question 10

What is assessed to obtain objective data relating to alternations in the neurological system?

Answer 10

The 12 cranial nerves

Question 11

What are the five pieces of data (some subjective, some objective) from the assessment of the neurological system used to identify risk factors, analyze findings, and plan intervention?

Answer 11

LOC
Orientation (x4)
Speech
Behavior
PERRLA

Question 12

Which two diagnostic tests are ordered to:
- check for allergies
- check renal function

Answer 12

Computed tomography (CT)
and
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 13

Which diagnostic test is ordered
to measure electrical activity in the brain?

Answer 13

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 14

Which diagnostic test is ordered to:
- assess risk of infection or hemorrhage
- look for signs of CSF

Answer 14

Lumbar puncture

Question 15

When performing a lumbar puncture, what findings are considered “normal”?

Answer 15

Colorless/clear fluid

Question 16

After performing a lumbar puncture, what position should the patient be in and for how long?

Answer 16

Flat on either stomach or back for eight hours

Question 17

What does the American Stroke Association’s acronym “F.A.C.E.” stand for?

Answer 17

Face dropping
Arm weakness
Speech
Time

Question 18

Define lethargy

Answer 18

Drowsiness

Question 19

Define hypotonia

Answer 19

Decreased muscle tone

Question 20

Define hypertoria

Answer 20

Increased muscle tone

Question 21

Define rigidity

Answer 21

Muscles contract & tense

Question 22

Define spasticity

Answer 22

Increased muscle tone

Question 23

Define hemiparesis

Answer 23

Loss of muscle tone & strength on one side of the body

Question 24

Define paraplegic

Answer 24

Paralysis of lower extremities

Question 25

Define quadriplegic

Answer 25

Loss of sensory & motor function in both lower & upper extremities

Question 26

What is the sclera & what is its function?

Answer 26

White structure that protects eye & maintains structure

Question 27

What is the lens of the eye responsible for?

Answer 27

Refracting light

Question 28

What are the two functions of the eyelid?

Answer 28

Protecting & lubricating the eye

Question 29

What is the conjunctiva of the eye?

Answer 29

Thin membrane covering ye

Question 30

What are the lacrimal glands?

Answer 30

Tear ducts

Question 31

What is the auricle (pinna):

Answer 31

Outer, visible portion of the ear

Question 32

What is the eustachian tube?

Question 33

What is the cochlea?

Answer 33

Organ of hearing

Question 34

What is the tympanic membrane?

Answer 34

Shiny, translucent eardrum

Question 35

What are the nostrils lined with?

Answer 35

Mucous membrane

Question 36

What are adenoids?

Answer 36

Lymphatic tissue part of immune system found in the nose

Question 37

What are the salivary glands responsible for?

Answer 37

Secreting saliva to begin digestion

Question 38

What are the two pieces of subjective data relating to alterations in the HEENT?

Answer 38

Tinnitus & vertigo

Question 39

What four things are associated w/ vertigo?

Answer 39

- dizziness - pain - headache - difficulty swallowing

Question 40

What is the Snellen chart diagnostic test & how is it used?

Answer 40

Visual acuity, stand 20 ft. away w/ card covering one eye then read smallest line

Question 41

What is the Weber/Rinne diagnostic test?

Answer 41

Conduction test for hearing loss using a tuning fork

Question 42

When is the swallowing evaluation diagnostic test used?

Answer 42

When dysphasia (difficulty swallowing) is observed or reporter

Question 43

What is done after dysphasia is observed or reported aside from conducting a swallowing evaluation?

Answer 43

Referral to speech pathologist who will observe eating & drinking

Question 44

What is the modified barium swallow study diagnostic test?

Answer 44

X-ray that assesses swallowing by having patient drink barium sulfate

Question 45

Which 3 diagnostic tests require the nurse to check if the patient takes metformin?

Answer 45

CT, MRI, angiogram

Question 46

Why is it important to check if a patient takes metformin prior to conducting certain diagnostic tests?

Answer 46

If contrast is used on a patient who takes metformin, the kidneys may be damaged

Question 47

What is one way hearing impaired patients can practice health promotion & risk reduction?

Answer 47

Ensure there are working smoke detectors in the home

Question 48

Define tinnitus

Answer 48

Ringing in the ears

Question 49

Define vertigo

Answer 49

Feeling dizzy/surroundings are moving

Question 50

Define diplopia

Answer 50

Double vision

Question 51

Define nystagmus

Answer 51

Involuntary rhythmic movement of the eyes

Question 52

Define myopia

Answer 52

Nearsighted- far away objects are blurry

Question 53

Define hyperopia

Answer 53

Farsighted- close up objects are blurry

Question 54

Define presbyopia

Answer 54

Vision loss due to old age

Question 55

Legally blind

Answer 55

20/200

Question 56

Define conjunctivitis

Answer 56

Viral infection causing inflammation of the conjunctiva

Question 57

Define ptosis

Answer 57

Abnormal drooping of the eyelid

Question 58

What are the four main functions of the lymph system?

Answer 58

- immunity spread of infection - production of WBC - fluid & protein balance - absorbs lipids during digestion

Question 59

What are the spleen's two function in the lymph system?

Answer 59

- filters & stores blood - produces WBC

Question 60

What is the largest organ in the lymph system?

Answer 60

Spleen

Question 61

What is the thymus' function in the lymph system?

Answer 61

Matures a specific type of WBC that fight off foreign organisms

Question 62

What is bone marrow's function in the lymph system?

Answer 62

Produce RBC, WBC, & platelets

Question 63

What are the tonsils & adenoids two main functions in the lymph system?

Answer 63

- trap pathogens from food - serve as first line of defense against foreign invaders

Question 64

What is the appendix's function in the lymph system?

Answer 64

Contain lymphoid tissue that can destroy bacteria prior to reaching intestinal wall during absorption

Question 65

What are the peyers patches in the lymph system?

Answer 65

Small masses of lymphatic in the mucous membrane that line the S.I.

Question 66

What are lymph nodes and what do they do?

Answer 66

Small oval shaped lymphatic glands, network of fibers & irregular channels that slow down lymph flow

Question 67

What happens as lymph fluid passes through nodes?

Answer 67

Fibers filter out bacteria, viruses, & cellular debris

Question 68

What four substances make up lymphoma?

Answer 68

- proteins - water - impurities - waste products

Question 69

Lymph fluid seeps into tissue from ______, is stored in the _______ _______ and flows back into _______ _______

Answer 69

Circulation; lymphatic system; blood circulation

Question 70

How does lymph fluid move?

Answer 70

In one direction

Question 71

What are the four primary pieces of subjective data relating to alterations in the lymph system?

Answer 71

- pain - tenderness - fatigue - feeling of fullness

Question 72

What is the proper way to assess the 10 neck & face lymph nodes?

Answer 72

1. Patient sits up & slightly flexes neck 2. Use index & middle finger pads to palpate in circular motions on both sides

Question 73

Assessing edema: grade 1+ pitting depth & duration

Answer 73

2 mm, disappears rapidly

Question 74

Assessing edema: grade 2+ pitting depth & duration

Answer 74

4 mm, disappears in 10-15 seconds

Question 75

Assessing edema: grade 3+ pitting depth & duration

Answer 75

6 mm, lasts more than a minute

Question 76

Assessing edema: grade 4+ pitting depth & duration

Answer 76

8 mm, last 2-3 minutes

Question 77

What are the characteristics of a "normal" lymph mode?

Answer 77

- less than 1 cm. - moveable - not tender

Question 78

What are the characteristics of an "abnormal" lymph node?

Answer 78

- anything over 1 cm - rubbery, rock hard - fixed - tender

Question 79

What are the two purposes of the following diagnostic test: lymph node biopsy

Answer 79

- detects infection/cancer - checks for bleeding abnormalities

Question 80

The incision site must be monitored for signs of infection following which diagnostic test?

Answer 80

Lymph node biopsy

Question 81

What is the purpose of the following diagnostic test: angiogram

Answer 81

Diagnose vascular insufficiencies & blockages in lymphatic system

Question 82

Prior to conducting am angiogram diagnostic test, what two things does the nurse need to check regarding the patient?

Answer 82

- does the patient have allergies? - does the patient have a bleeding disorder?

Question 83

Relating to an angiogram, nurse needs to check for changes in _____ _____ as well as changes in ______ & _______ of skin around incision

Answer 83

Peripheral pulse; color; temperature

Question 84

Following an angiogram, what position should the patient maintain and for how long? Why?

Answer 84

Supine position for 2-6 hrs, prevents stress un the puncture site

Question 85

What are the 6 risk factors for lymphedema?

Answer 85

- family history of lymphedema - removal of lymph nodes - invasive surgery - radiation therapy - chemotherapy - morbid obesity

Question 86

Define lymphedema

Answer 86

Swelling/accumulation of fluid in lymphatic system

Question 87

Define leukocytosis

Answer 87

Elevation of WBC

Question 88

Define lymphadenopathy

Answer 88

Enlarged lymph nodes due to infection, inflammation, or cancer

Question 89

Define lymphoma

Answer 89

Cancer of lymphatic system (hodgkins/nonhodgkins)

Question 90

Define lymphocytosis

Answer 90

High concentration of fluid

Question 91

Neurologic system: - emotions - reasoning - abstraction - consentration - information storage - voluntary eye movement - Broca's area/motor control of speech

Answer 91

Frontal lobe

Question 92

Neurologic system: - integrates sensory information

Answer 92

Parietal lobe

Question 93

Neurologic system: - controls emotions - reasoning - abstraction & concentration - storage & concentration - voluntary eye movement - Broca's area: motor control speech

Answer 93

Frontal lobe

Question 94

Neurologic system: - integrates sensory information

Answer 94

Parietal lobe

Question 95

What do the following test evaluate: TSH, T3, T4

Answer 95

Thyroid function

Question 96

Define nystagmus

Answer 96

Eyes involuntarily moving from side to side

Question 97

What are the 8 structures of the lymphatic system?

Answer 97

- spleen - thymus - appendix - bone marrow - lymph nodes - tonsils - adenoids - peyer's patch in S.I.