2.05 - Environmental Acoustics

Question 0

Communication Breakdown: Speaker

Can improper stress/inflection, rate of speech, and/or volume cause communication break downs?

Answer 0

Yes

Question 1

What are the four factors that can add to communication difficulties?

Answer 1

Speaker

Message

Environment

Listener

Question 2

Communication Breakdown: Message

Can poor grammar, incorrect vocabulary, inaccurate information, and vague intent cause communication breakdowns?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

Communication Breakdown: Listener

Can HL, topic infamiliarity, poor listening skills, low cognitive skills, and/or poor attention cause communication breakdowns?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Communication Breakdown: Environment

Can poor lighting and competing stimuli cause communication breakdowns?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Communication Breakdown: Acoustics

Can reverberation, noise, and/or distance cause communication breakdowns?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

Noise should not exceed ______ in classrooms of 20,000 cubic feet or less

Answer 6

35 dBA

Question 7

Reverberation Times should be _______ in unoccupied classrooms.

Answer 7

0.4 sec - 06 sec

Question 8

SNR should be at least ______ at the child’s ears

Answer 8

+15 dB

Question 9

What four things can affect speech perception?

Answer 9

Noise

SNR

Reverberation

Distance

Question 10

What is noise?

Answer 10

Any unwanted sound or auditory disturbance that interferes with what the listener wants to hear

Question 11

Does most communication take place in noisy environments?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Does the impact of noise increase with distance from the sound source?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Is speech the worse kind of noise?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Is the effect of noise greatest on those who are deaf or hard of hearing?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What are the three times of classroom noise?

Answer 15

External noise (outside the classroom - traffic, airplanes)

Internal noise (inside building but outside room - hallway, playground)

Room Noise (other students, ventilation, etc.)

Question 16

What is the noise level in most classrooms

Answer 16

51 dBA

Question 17

What is the recommended classroom noise level according to ASHA and ASA?

Answer 17

35 dBA

Question 18

What is dBA?

Answer 18

Environmental sound levels

Reduces the the level of sounds at low frequencies

Question 19

Which is stronger for positive SNR: the signal or the noise?

Answer 19

Signal

Question 20

Which is stronger for a negative SNR: the signal or the noise?

Answer 20

Noise

Question 21

Do those with SNHL have a greater need for a positive SNR? How much for non-reverberant rooms? How much for reverberant rooms? Average SNR?

Answer 21

Yes

+5 - +10 dB = Non-reverberant rooms

+8 - +16 dB = Reverberant rooms

+15 dB = Average

Question 22

What does HINT stand for?

Answer 22

Hearing In Noise Test

Question 23

How are sentences presented in HINT?

Answer 23

At different loudness levels by a female speaker

Question 24

What is the noise level in HINT?

Answer 24

A constant 65 dBA

Question 25

Does HINT test both ears?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

What are the four different signal conditions used by HINT?

Answer 26

Speaker in front - quiet Speaker from front - noise from front Speaker in front - noise from right Speaker in front - noise from left

Question 27

Is the loudness of the signal varied in HINT according the the patients success rate?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

At the end of HINT, you calculate how loud the signal needed to be in order to receive a score of _____%.

Answer 28

50%

Question 29

If a 50% score is reached when the speech was 10 dB louder than noise, then the score is ____.

Answer 29

+10 dB

Question 30

The higher the SNR, the ________ the patient has hearing in noise.

Answer 30

More difficulty

Question 31

Do all children need a more favorable SNR than that needed by adults?

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

On an articulation index, 0.2 is ____ audibility. 0.8 is ____ audibility.

Answer 32

Low High

Question 33

What is the precedence effect?

Answer 33

Someone's ability to suppress echo-like sounds that arise from sound bouncing off reflective surfaces

Question 34

Do adults perceive a unified sound in reverberant rooms? Does this make it easier to locate the actual sound source?

Answer 34

Yes Yes

Question 35

Is the precedence effect present at birth? When does it develop?

Answer 35

No Around five but is not mastered until late teens

Question 36

Normal hearing children require a classrom SNR of _____.

Answer 36

+6

Question 37

Do children with HL need a greater classroom SNR?

Answer 37

Yes

Question 38

Do young children need a greater classroom SNR?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

Do children learning a new language need a greater classroom SNR?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

Do children with LDs or attention difficulties need a greater classroom SNR?

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

Do hearing aids amplify everything including noise?

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

Is there scientific evidence to show that hearing aid filters the attenuate noise?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

Directional microphones can improve SNR by ____ dB.

Answer 43

5-8 dB

Question 44

What is reverberation?

Answer 44

The prolongation of sound waves within a room as they are reflected off hard surfaces

Question 45

What is reverberation time?

Answer 45

The amount of time it takes for a loud sound to decrease to inaudiblity The amount of time it takes a sound to attenuate 60 dB following the termination of the signal

Question 46

Why does reverberation create problems?

Answer 46

It masks the sound signal Cause the prolongation of vowels which can mask consonants

Question 47

Does speech perception decrease as RT increases?

Answer 47

YEs

Question 48

Does sound fade quickly as distance increases?

Answer 48

Yes

Question 49

The sound signal decreases _____ every time the distance from the sound source is doubled.

Answer 49

6 dB

Question 50

What is critical distance?

Answer 50

Where the intensity of the sound source is equal to the intensity of the reflected signal

Question 51

Do students with HL need to sit within critical distance?

Answer 51

Yes

Question 52

In an average sized classroom with an RT of 0.6 seconds, what is critical distance?

Answer 52

3 meters

Question 53

For normal hearing children in typical classrooms, does speech recognition decrease with increased distance?

Answer 53

Yes

Question 54

Classroom noise should not exceed _____ dBA.

Answer 54

35 dBA

Question 55

Classroom SNRs should be _____ or better.

Answer 55

+15 dB

Question 56

In classrooms, RTs should be ______ unoccupied.

Answer 56

0.4 - 0.6 seconds

Question 57

How can we improve classroom acoustics?

Answer 57

Reduce external noise levels

Question 58

How can we reduce external noise levels in classrooms? | 4

Answer 58

Work with architects and classrooms Locate schools in quiet areas Use double paned windows Use well fitting doors

Question 59

What are seven ways to improve room acoustics?

Answer 59

Put acoustic tiles in the hallway Don't install ventilation ducts that connect classrooms to each other or to the hallway Move classrooms for deaf/hard of hearing students away from noisy areas: playgrounds, gyms, cafeteria, etc. Install acoustic treatments Control background noise Place deaf/hard of hearing students away from room noise Use preferential seating, small groups, ALDs

Question 60

How can ALDs improve speech access?

Answer 60

They can reduce the effects of noise, reverberation, and distance

Question 61

How much can ALDs improve the SNR?

Answer 61

15-20 dB

Question 62

Is improving visual cues (making sure your face is visible) a way to improve speech access?

Answer 62

Yes

Question 63

Which are better at improving SNRs: HAs or ALDs?

Answer 63

ALDs HA cannot improve SNR