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Anthropology > 21,17 > Flashcards

21,17 Flashcards

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1
Q

Communitas

A

Intense feeling of social solidarity equality and togetherness

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2
Q

Religion

A

Belief and ritual concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces

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3
Q

What is the difference between (religion) and (a religion)

A

A religion can be categorized until like Penecostal different things religion is the religion that in any society can be understood such as Christianity Islam

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4
Q

Animism

A

Belief in souls or doubles

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5
Q

Polytheism

A

Believe in multiple deities who control aspects of nature

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6
Q

Monotheism

A

Believe in a single all powerful deity

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7
Q

Mana

A

Sacred and personal fours so named in Malaysia and Polynesia

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8
Q

Taboo

A

Sacred in for bidden prohibited fact by supernatural sanctions

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9
Q

Magic

A

Use of supernatural techniques to accomplish specific ends

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10
Q

Manna is also seen as what

A

Good luck

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11
Q

What can supernatural believes do

A

Help reduce anxiety over uncontrollable circumstances

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12
Q

What do rituals convey

A

They convey information about the participants and their traditions

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13
Q

Ritual

A

Formal repetitive stereotyped behavior based on a order

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14
Q

Right of passage

A

Rights marking transitions between places or stages of life

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15
Q

Liminality

A

The in between phase of a right of passage

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16
Q

Totemic rights

A

People gather together to honor their totem in so doing they use ritual and maintain the social when is that the totem symbolizes

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17
Q

Totem

A

An animal a plan or geographic feature associated with specific social group to which that totem is sacred or symbolically important

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18
Q

Cosmology

A

A system often religious for a imagining and understanding the universe

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19
Q

Shaman

A

Part time medico Magico religious practitioner

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20
Q

Revitalization

A

Social movements aimed at altering or revitalizing a society

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21
Q

Cargo cults

A

Postcolonial acculturative religious movement in Melanesia

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22
Q

Syncretisms

A

Cultural especially religious mixes emerging from acculturation

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23
Q

Pentecostalism

A

Is the western invention it’s believes doctrines and organizational features and rituals originated in the United States following the European rise and spread of Protestantism

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24
Q

Anti-modernism

A

Rejecting the modern for a presumed earlier purer better way of life

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25
Pentecostalism
Is the western invention it's believes doctrines and organizational features and rituals originated in the United States following the European rise and spread of Protestantism
26
Anti-modernism
Rejecting the modern for a presumed earlier purer better way of life
27
Pentecostalism
Is the western invention it's believes doctrines and organizational features and rituals originated in the United States following the European rise and spread of Protestantism
28
Anti-modernism
Rejecting the modern for a presumed earlier purer better way of life
29
Power
The ability to exercise one wills over others authority
30
Who are those that manage the fares of public policy
Political parties unions corporations lobby list activist political action committees religious groups and non-governmental organization's
31
Band
Is a small can based group all its members are related by kinship remarriage
32
Chiefdom
A form of Socio political organization in your mediate between the tribe in the state
33
Differential access
Favorite access to resources by superior over subordinates
34
Tribe
Food producing society with Rudimentary political structure
35
Service typology
Significant contrast and political organizations especially those between state and nonstate for example and bands and tribes unlike states which have clearly visible governments political organizations did not send out a separate and distinct from the total social order
36
Law
Legal code of a stage society with trial and enforcement
37
Conflict resolution
Settling of disputes
38
What are the most significant social groups
Nuclear family
39
Village head
Local tribal leader with limited authority | Always a man
40
Gender stratification
And unequal distribution of resources power prestige and personal freedom between men and women
41
Among the young Moni went to Village is the fact is satisfied with the Ted man what can they do
Leave and find a new village
42
The headman lacks what
The right to issue orders he can only persuade and try to influence public opinion
43
Big man
Generous tribal entrepreneur with a multi village support Almost always male Leader of regional political organization has more rights than a head man
44
Pantribal sodalities
Nine can-based groups with regional political significance
45
Office
Permanent political position
46
How are social relations in chiefdoms
Mainly based on kinship marriage doesn't age generation and gender they are bands and tribes
47
Wealth
All a persons material assets basis of economic status
48
Prestige
Esteem respect or approval
49
Subordinate
Lower underprivileged group in a stratified society
50
How did Max Weber define the three related dimension of social stratification
Wealth or economic status Power or political status Prestige or social status
51
Fiscal
Pertaining to finances and taxation
52
What is a striking contrast between states in nonstates
The intervention and family affairs government stepped in to help blood feud and regulate previously private disputes In nine states people customarily share with the relatives at citizens also have to turn over a substantial portion of what they produce to the state
53
How can economies support massive dense populations which supply armies and colonist to promote expansion
States have to have a formal mechanism design to protect against external threats and preserve internal ones they have to be successful in promoting internal peace this enhances production
54
Social control refers to what
Beliefs practices and institutions that are most actively involved in the main maintenance of any norms and the regulations of conflict
55
Hegemony
Stratified social order in which subordinates except hierarchy as naturalized
56
Digging deeper into Hegemony
1) it's easier and more effective to dominate people in their minds than to try to control their bodies 2) making subordinates believe they will eventually gain power 3) separate or isolate people while supervising them closely as in done in prison
57
Forgers
They harvest but they don't plant
58
Band
Basic social unit among forgers fewer than 100 people may split up seasonally
59
Correlation
Association when one variable changes another does too
60
Egalitarian
With only minor contrast in prestige each and no significant contrast and wealth and power
61
Horticulture
Not industrial plant cultivation with fallowing
62
Agriculture
Cultivation using land in labor continuously and intensively
63
Cultivation. Continuum
Continuum of land in labor use
64
The key difference between horticulture and agriculture is what
Horticulture always has a fallow period
65
Pastoralist
Herds of domesticated animalistic
66
Nomadism
Annual movement of entire pet store a group with herds
67
Transhumance
A system in which only part of population moves for seasonally with herds
68
Economy
System of resource production distribution and consumption
69
Mode of production
Specific set of social relations and organize labor
70
Means of production
Major productive resources land labor technology capital
71
What are the two questions that economic anthropologist have been concerned with
How are product distribution and consumption organized in different societies this question focuses on the systems of human behavior and their organization What motivates people in different cultures to produce distribute or exchange and consume hear the focus is not on system of behavior but on the motives of the individuals who participate in their system
72
Economizing
Allocation of scarce means resources among alternative ends
73
Market principal
Buying selling and valuation based on supply and demand
74
Peasant
Small-scale farmer with rent fund obligation
75
Reciprocity
Principle governing exchanges among social equals
76
Reciprocity continuum
continuum running from generalized reciprocity closely related deferred to return to negative reciprocity strangers immediate return
77
Generalized reciprocity
Exchange among closely related individuals
78
Balanced reciprocity
Midpoint Ob reciprocity continuum between generalized and negative reciprocity
79
I'll peasants have what two things in common
They live in stage organize society They produce food without elaborate technology chemical fertilizers tractors airplanes to spray crops and so on of modern farming agribusiness
80
Redistribution
Flow of goods from local level into center then back out characteristics of chiefdom
81
Negative reciprocity
Potential hostile exchange among strangers
82
Potlatch
Competitive feast on North Pacific coast of North America

Anthropology (6 decks)

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