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Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How do ethnographers discover the totality and inter-connectedness in social life

A

Remove from setting to setting in place to place they draw on very techniques to piece together a picture of otherwise alien lifestyles

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2
Q

What are The 8 ethnographic techniques

A

1) Direct first-hand observation of behavior
2) Different degrees of conversation formal and informal
3) The genealogical method
4) Detailed information about particular areas of community life
5) In-depth interviewing about people’s history and lives
6) Problem oriented research of many store
7) Long just to do research the continuous long-term study of an area
8) Team research coordinating research by multiple ethnographers

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3
Q

Why should ethnographers pay Close attention to hundred of details in daily life the first few weeks on the field

A

Because things never seem as strange the way they did the first week in the field call Trish

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4
Q

What is the imponderabilia of native life and typical behavior

A

We are the aspects which are distinctive smell noise people make how they cover their mouth eat and gaze at others. Patterns it seem Travail

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5
Q

Questionnaire

A

Form used by sociologist to obtain comparable information from respondents

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6
Q

Interview schedule

A

Form used to structure of formal but personal interview

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7
Q

Genealogical method

A

Using diagrams and symbols to record kin connections

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8
Q

Cultural consultants

A

People who teach an ethnographer about their culture

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9
Q

Key cultural consultants

A

Experts on particular aspect of local life

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10
Q

Life history

A

Of the key consultant a personal portrait of someone’s life in culture

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11
Q

How can life history play in important role on analysis

A

It reveals how specific people perceive react to an contribute to change that affect their lives such accounts can illustrate diversity which exist within any community because the focuses on how different people interpret and deal with some of the same problems

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12
Q

Are people the only Data source

A

No factors such as population density climate diet and land-use rainfall temperature fields dietary quantities or time allocation government archives

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13
Q

Longitudinal research

A

Long-term study usually based on repeated visits

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14
Q

Etic

A

Research strategy emphasizing that ethnographers explanation and categories

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15
Q

Emic

A

Research strategy focusing on local exclamation meaning

How local people think

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16
Q

What is one of the goals of ethnography

A

To discover local native views beliefs and perceptions which may be compared with that ethnographers own observation and conclusion

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17
Q

Ethnographers usually do not use both etic and emic research strategy.

True or false explain if false

A

False they typically combine both perspectives of research strategy

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18
Q

Survey research

A

The study of society through sampling statistical analysis and in personal data collection

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19
Q

Sample

A

Hey smaller study group chosen to represent a larger Population

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20
Q

Random sample

A

A sample in which a population members have an equal statistical chance of being chosen

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21
Q

Variables

A

Attributes that differ from one person case to the next

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22
Q

Complex societies

A

Large population societies with social stratification and central government

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23
Q

Respondent are

A

The people studied

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24
Q

What is the ethnographic method and the emphasis on

A

It is on personal relationships and social research

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25
Can anthropologist study anything They want
No they can't study things simply because they're interesting or value to science or even benefit the public because ethical issues must also be a prime consideration
26
Informed consent
Agreement to take part in research after having being informed about its purpose nature procedures and possible impact
27
What are some things anthropologist should try to do
1) include host country colleagues in the research planning 2) establish collaborative relationships with host country institutions 3) include host country colleagues in dissemination including publication of the research results 4) ensure that something is given back to the host country for example research equipment stays in the host country
28
What are anthropologist primary obligation
Is to do no harm to the people being studied
29
AAA
American anthropology association
30
What is the AAA code for
To offer guidelines and promote discussion and education rather to investigate possible misconduct
31
What should anthropologist do before research
They should inform all parties affected by the research about its nature goals procedures potential impact and source of funding
32
What is the paramount importance
The anthropologist study the route of terrorism and violence
33
And Morgan scheme describe the subdivided savagery and barbarianism upper middle and lower
* The earliest humans lived in lower savage with subsistence based on fruits and nuts * middle savage people started fishing and gain control over fire * Upper savage was the invention of the bow and arrow * lower barbarianism began when human started making pottery * middle barbarianism in the old world depended on the domestication of plants and animals and in the Americas •upper barbarianism Iron smelting and the use of iron tools * civilization finally came about with invention of writing
34
Unilinear evolution
Idea 19th century of a single line or path of cultural development
35
Historical Particularism
Idea that histories are not comparable diverse paths can lead to same cultural results
36
Cultural generalities
Cultural traits that are shared by some but not all societies
37
Diffusion
Borrowing among cultures
38
Functionalism
Approach focusing on the role of social culture practices and social system
39
Malinowski Believe that?
Humans had a set of universal biological needs and that customs developed to fill those needs. any practice played and satisfying those universal biological needs which is the need for food sex and shelter
40
Synchronic
Studying societies at one time
41
Diachronic
Studying societies across time
42
Radcliffe brown thought
Custom practices social roles and behavior functions kept the social system running smoothly the way the organs keep the body running smoothly
43
Configurationalism
The view of culture as integrated in patterned
44
Cultural materialism
Idea that culture infrastructure determine the structure and superstructure
45
Structure
Social relations forms of kinship and descendent pattern of distribution and consumption
46
Superstructure
Religion ideology play aspects of culture furthest away from the meat in the bones that enable culture to survive
47
Superorganic
The special domain of culture beyond organic and inorganic rounds
48
What is the great man theory of history
The idea that particular individuals responsible for great discoveries
49
Symbolic anthropology
The study of symbols and their social and cultural Contexts
50
Interpretive anthropology
The study of a culture as a system of meaning
51
Agency
The actions of individuals alone and in groups that create the transform cultures
52
What is Levi's Stratuss's belief
That human minds have certain universal characteristics which originate in common features of the Homo sapiens brain This leaves people everywhere to think similarly regardless of their society and cultural background
53
What do contemporary anthropologist emphasize
How day today action practices or resistance can make and remake culture
54
Agency
The actions of individuals alone and groups that create and transform culture
55
Practice theory
Recognizes that individuals within a society very in their motives and intentions and in the amount of power and influence they have
56
Political economy
The web of interrelated economic and power relations in society
57
Language
Primary means of human communication spoken and written
58
Call system
Communication systems of nonhuman primate
59
What is the key feature on language
It is always changing
60
Cultural transmission
Transmission through learning basic to language
61
Productivity
Creating new expressions that are comprehensible to other speakers
62
Displacement
Describing things and events that are not present basic to language
63
Kinesics
study of communication through body movements and faucial expressions
64
Phonology
Study of sound used in speech in a particular language
65
Morphology
Linguist stick study of morphemes of a word construction | Cat and cats
66
Lexicon
Vocabulary all the morphemes in a language and their meaning
67
Syntax
Arrangement and order of words and phrases and sentences | Weather nouns usually come before or after verbs
68
Phoneme
Smallest sound contrast that distinguishes meaning Bit and beat
69
Phonetics
Study of speech sound what people actually say
70
Phonemics
Study of significant sound contrast in a language
71
Sapphire who're hypothesis
Siri that different languages produce different patterns of
72
Focal Vocabulary
Set of words describing particular domains of experience such as a cattle rancher has different words different vocabulary than a businessman in New York
73
Ethnosemantics
Study of lexical vocabulary categories and contrast | Kingman ship terminology and color terminology
74
Semantics
A language meaning system as an insiders like for hockey puck is a biscuit in an insider term
75
Style shifts
Varying one speech and different social context
76
Diglosses
Language with high formal and low informal familial dialect
77
Honorifics
Terms of respect is to honor people
78
African-American vernacular English AAVE
Rule governed dialect spoken by some African-Americans
79
Historical linguistics
Study of language overtime
80
Subgroups
Closely related language
81
Daughter language
Languages sharing a common parent French and Spanish for example our daughter language of Latin there common protolanguage
82
Protolanguage
Language ancestral to several daughter languages basically the Parent language
83
A close relationship between language means that their speakers are closely related biologically or culturally True or false explain why
Falls because it doesn't mean they are closely related biologically are culturally because people can adopt new languages
84
What happens when language disappears
Cultural diversity is reduced as well. | centuries of thinking about Time season sea creatures reindeer edible flowers are all lost
85
Ethnic group
One among several culturally distinct groups in society or region Share beliefs values habits customs and Norm because of the common background
86
Ethnicity
Identification with an ethnic group and exclusion from certain other goods because of this affiliation
87
Status
Any position that determines where someone fits in society
88
Ascribed status
Social status based on little or no choice
89
Achieved status
Social status based on choice or accomplishments
90
Race
Ethnic group assume to have biological basis same blood
91
Racism
Discrimination against an ethic group assumed to have biological bias
92
What does the AAA statement stress about inequalities among racial groups
Are not consequence of their biological inheritance book products of social economic and educational and political circumstances
93
Descent
Social identity based on ancestry
94
Hypodescent
Children of mixed unions assigned to the same group as their minority Parent
95
What do most Americans believe incorrectly
That their population includes biologically-based raise to which various labels are played such as white black yellow red Caucasian
96
Stratified
Class structure with difference and wealth prestige and power
97
not us race in Japan
Do Japanese people consider themselves higher than any other racial group and think it is OK to treat anyone who is another race less and subordinate
98
Phenotype
Describes an organism is evident traits it's magnet festive biology and physiology and anatomy including skin color hair form facial
99
Nationstate
And a Tonna miss political entity a country
100
Nation
Society searing a language religion history territory ancestry and kinship
101
State
Certified society with formal central government
102
Colonialism
Long-term foreign domination of territory and its people
103
Nationalities
Ethic groups that have once had or want their own country
104
Assimilation
Describes the process of change that a minority ethnic group may experience when it moves to a country where another culture dominates
105
Plural society
Society with an economically independent ethnic group
106
Multiculturalism
Do you have culture diversity as valuable and worth maintains
107
Discrimination
Policies and practices that harm a group and its members
108
Culture can be both what and what
Adaptive and maladaptive the perception of cultural differences can have disastrous effects on social interaction
109
Why do ethnic differences often lead to conflict and violence
The causes include economic and political competition reaction to discrimination and prejudice and other expressions of devalued identity
110
Prejudice
Devouring a group because of its assumed attributes
111
Stereotypes
Fixed idea often unfavorable about what members of a group or like
112
Genocide
deliberate elimination of a group through a mass murder
113
Refugees
People who've Leah country to escape persecution or war
114
Ethnocide
Distraction of cultures or certain ethnic group
115
Cultural colonialism
Internal domination by one group and its culture or ideology over others

Anthropology (6 decks)

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