2.1, 2.2, 2.3 - Mitosis and its Importance Flashcards
(17 cards)
What contains your genetic information?
The nucleus contains your genetic information.
In what form is genetic information found?
Genetic information is found in the form of chromosomes, which contain coils of DNA.
What is a gene?
A gene is a short section of DNA that codes for a protein and controls a characteristic.
How many chromosomes are in each cell of the body?
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell, resulting in 46 chromosomes in total.
What is the chromosome count in sex cells (gametes)?
Sex cells (gametes) have half the number of chromosomes, resulting in 23 chromosomes in total.
What is a diploid number of chromosomes?
A diploid number of chromosomes is the amount found in body cells, which is 46 in humans.
What is a haploid number of chromosomes?
A haploid number of chromosomes is half the diploid amount, which is 23 in humans, found in gametes.
What is the cell cycle?
The cell cycle is a series of steps that the cell has to undergo in order to divide.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is a step in the cell cycle - the stage when the cell divides.
What occurs during Stage 1 (Interphase)?
In this stage, the cell grows, organelles increase in number, proteins are synthesized, DNA is replicated, and energy stores are increased.
What happens during Stage 2 (Mitosis)?
The chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell and cell fibres pull each chromosome of the ‘X’ to either side of the cell.
What is Stage 3 (Cytokinesis)?
Two identical daughter cells form when the cytoplasm and cell membranes divide.
Why is cell division by mitosis important in multicellular organisms?
It is important for growth and development, and for replacing damaged cells.
What role does mitosis play in asexual reproduction?
Mitosis is vital for asexual reproduction as it involves one organism replicating its own cells to produce offspring.
How many daughter cells does mitosis produce?
Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells.
What is unique about the daughter cells produced by mitosis?
Each daughter cell has identical sets of chromosomes to the parent cell.
What type of daughter cells are produced by mitosis?
Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells.
