5.24 - Lifestyle Factors and Disease Flashcards
(23 cards)
What role do lifestyle factors play in non-communicable diseases?
Lifestyle factors (diet, exercise, etc.) play a vital role in determining whether people will develop non-communicable diseases.
What causes obesity?
Eating more calories than you burn from physical activity and everyday metabolism causes us to put on weight.
What can lead to obesity and related illnesses?
Eating a very large excess of calories, especially from saturated fat, can lead to obesity and related illnesses.
Where is obesity an important problem?
Obesity is an important problem worldwide, especially in developed countries such as the UK.
What diseases can obesity lead to?
Obesity can lead to cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure, as fat deposits form inside blood vessels.
How does obesity contribute to Type 2 diabetes?
Obesity can contribute to developing Type 2 diabetes, as the body cannot use insulin effectively when there is a high proportion of body fat.
What government programs aim to reduce obesity?
Government programs such as the ‘sugar tax’ are aimed at reducing obesity across the country.
What dietary changes can help reduce obesity risk?
Eating fewer processed foods, less sugar, saturated fat, and high-calorie foods can help reduce the risk of becoming obese.
What can lead to malnutrition?
Eating significantly fewer calories than we use can lead to malnutrition, as the body will not receive adequate nutrients and vitamins.
Where is malnutrition more of an issue?
Malnutrition is less of a problem in developed countries like the UK, but more of an issue in underdeveloped countries.
How is BMI calculated?
BMI = mass(kg) / (height (m))²
What does a BMI over 30 indicate?
If someone’s BMI is over 30, they are classified as obese.
How is the waist-hip ratio calculated?
The waist-hip ratio is calculated by dividing waist circumference (cm) by hip circumference (cm).
What waist-hip ratio classifies obesity in women and men?
Obesity is classified as a waist-hip ratio of more than 0.85 for women, or more than 1.0 in men.
What can high alcohol intake lead to?
A high alcohol intake can lead to liver disease.
What is fatty liver?
A type of liver disease called fatty liver is common in alcoholics and can lead to liver cancer and impaired liver function.
What vitamin deficiencies do alcoholics often have?
Alcoholics often have vitamin deficiencies, particularly vitamin B6 and thiamine.
What is the recommended weekly alcohol allowance?
The recommended weekly allowance for men and women is 14 units a week.
How can drinking less alcohol affect liver disease risk?
Drinking less than the recommended allowance significantly reduces the risk of developing liver disease.
What does smoking dramatically increase the risk of?
Smoking dramatically increases the risk of developing several lung diseases.
What lung diseases are associated with smoking?
These include COPD, bronchitis, pneumonia, and lung cancer.
What harmful substances are found in cigarette smoke?
Cigarette smoke contains over 40 different chemicals, such as tar and nicotine.
What services does the UK government provide for smokers?
The UK government provides services to help and encourage smokers to quit smoking.
