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OCR Chemistry A > 2.1 > Flashcards

2.1 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Cation

A

When an atom loses electrons and becomes a positive ion

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2
Q

Anion

A

When an atom gains electrons and becomes a negative ion

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3
Q

Why is the mass of a proton/neutron 1u

A

The mass of carbon-12 is exactly 12u (Atomic mass units)

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4
Q

Relative isotopic mass

A

Mass of an isotope compared to 1/12th the mass of carbon-12

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5
Q

Relative Atomic mass

A

Weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th the mass of carbon-12

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6
Q

Ionise

A

Give something a charge (usually knocking off an electron)

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7
Q

Relative formula mass

A

Mass of one formula unit (empirical formula) compared to 1/12th mass of carbon-12

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8
Q

Relative molecular mass

A

Mass of a molecule compared to the mass of carbon-12

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9
Q

Moles

A

What amounts of substances are measured in

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10
Q

Avogadro’s constant

A

6.02*10^23 particles in a mole

Number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12

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11
Q

Molar mass

A

Mass per mole of a substance

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12
Q

What is molar mass measured in

A

gmol -1 (Grams per mole)

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13
Q

Equation for no. of moles

A

Mass (g) / molar mass (gmol -1)

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14
Q

Empirical formula

A

Simplest whole number ration of atoms of an element in a compound

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15
Q

What is 1 mole of gas at RTP equal to

A

24 dm3 mol-1

= 24, 000 cm3

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16
Q

Room temperature

A

25 degrees

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17
Q

Room pressure

A

1 atm/ 101 kPa

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18
Q

Molecular formula

A

The number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule

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19
Q

Dissociation

A

An acid releases a proton/ H+ ion when added to water

Exists as a reversible reaction

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20
Q

Strong acids

A

Completely dissociate
All of their acidic protons are released
HCl —> H+ and Cl-

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21
Q

Weak acids

A

Only partially dissociate in water
Only some of the acidic protons are released

CH3COOH —> H+ and CH3COO-

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22
Q

Are organic acids strong or weak

A

Weak

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23
Q

Alkali

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A

A base that dissolves in water forming OH- ions

24
Q

Acid

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A

Substances that releases H+ ions when it dissolves in water

25
When is a salt formed
When the H+ ions (s) of an acid is/are replaced by a metal cation or ammonium (NH4 +)
26
Base
Proton acceptor
27
Types of acids
Monobasic - HCl Dibasic - H2SO4 Tribasic - H3PO4 Different acids have different numbers of acidic protons
28
Acid + metal —>
Salt and H2
29
Acid + carbonate —>
Salt and CO2 and H2O
30
All nitrates and Group 1 salts are ...
Soluble
31
Carbonates are ...
Insoluble
32
Redox rules
Atoms in an element always have an oxidation number of 0 In a simple ion, the oxidation number = charge Adding up all the oxidation no. of the atoms in a compound will give you 0 In a complex (polyatomic) ion adding up all the oxidation numbers of the atoms in the ion will give you the charge
33
Oxidation
Loss of electrons | Oxidation no. increases
34
Reduction
Gain of electrons | Oxidation number decreases
35
Reducing agent
The species that is oxidised
36
Oxidising agent
The species that is reduced
37
Disproportionation
When an element is both oxidised and reduced
38
Oxidation number for uncombined elements
Zero
39
Special oxidation numbers
Hydrogen is usually +1 except in metal hydrides (AlH3, -1) Fluorine is always -1. Other halogens can be -1, +1, +3, +5 or +7 O in peroxides = -1 O bonded to F = +2
40
Molar gas volume
The volume per mole of gas molecules at a standard temperature and pressure
41
Anhydrous
Containing no water molecules
42
Water of crystallisation
Water molecules that are bonded into a crystalline structure of a compound
43
Atom economy
Sum of molar masses of desired products/sum of molar masses of all products
44
Percentage yield
Actual mass/theoretical mass * 100
45
Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties
Same electronic configuration
46
Equation for volume of gas
24 * n = V dm^3
47
Units for concentration
Mol dm-3 or g dm-3
48
Units for energy
J
49
Units for enthalpy
KJ mol-1
50
Units for mass
g
51
Units for rate of reaction
Mol dm-3 s-1
52
Units for volume
Cm3 or dm3
53
PV = nRT
P in Pa V in m^3 T in Kelvin
54
Assumption w water of crystallisation calculation
All the water has been lost - heat repeatedly until mass no longer changes No further decomposition of the salt - diff to judge if no colour change
55
Dissociation in H2SO4
H2SO4 --> H+ + HSO4- HSO4- H+ + SO4 2- Sim dissociation for H3PO4

OCR Chemistry A (16 decks)

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