21)Antiseptics + disinfectants: Oxidants, Halogens, Phenols, Oils Flashcards
1
Q
Antiseptics
A
Used on living surfaces ⇢ patients mouth, dentists hands
- They have low toxicity for host cells ⇢ can be used directly on skin, mucous membranes + wounds
2
Q
Disinfectants
A
Used on inanimate objects
- Instruments, working surfaces
3
Q
Classification:
A
Phenol derivatives - phenol
Oxidising agents:
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Benzyl peroxide
- Potassium permanganate
Halogens
- Iodine
- Chlorine
- Sodium
Biguanides
- Chlorhexidine
Ammonium containing prep
- Dequaline
- Benzalkonium chloride
4
Q
Phenol derivatives
A
- Less toxic ⇢ after membrane permeability + denature proteins
- Antifungal + antiviral
- Inactivated by organic material
5
Q
Oxidising agents
A
- Releases O2 ⇢ oxidises necrotic tissue + bacteria
- O2 is released upon contact w/catalase on wound surfaces
- Helps remove pus + cell debris
- Produces hydroxyl free radicals
- Available as 3% solution for clinical purpose
6
Q
Halogens
A
Iodine
- Bactericidal
- Fungicidal
- tuberculocidal
- Viricidal
- Acts by iodinating + oxidising microbial cytoplasm
Chlorine
- Strong oxidising agent
- Inactivated by organic debris
7
Q
Biguanides
A
Chlorhexidine
- Disrupts bacterial membrane - effective against G+ bacteria
- Available as mouthwash 2% or toothpaste 1%
8
Q
Ammonium containing preps
A
- Disinfecting agents w/surfactant properties
- Toxic at high temps in soft water
- Inactivated by soaps
9
Q
Side effects
A
Iodine
- Discolours skin + can cause hypersensitivity
Phenol
- If strong solution applied to skin it is an irritant + causes burning pain
Chlorhexidine
- Staining of teeth - common side effect of mouthwash
