38)Immunomodulators + Dental vaccines Flashcards
Immunomodulators
Active agents of immunotherapy
- Influence immune response by ⇡ ⇣ it
Immunostimulants
Stimulate immune system ⇢ induce activation + ⇡ activities of its components
- Specific immunostimulants ⇢ Provide antigenetic specificity in immune responses ⇢ antigen/vaccine
- Non-specific ⇢ act irrespective of antigenetic specificity to induce immune response
Classification
- Bacterial vaccines ⇢ meningococcal conjugate vaccine + pneumococcal 23-polyvalent vaccine
- Interferons ⇢ interferon B-1a
- Interluekins
- Vaccine combinations ⇢ MMR vaccine
Immunosuppressants
⇣ Body’s ability to reject a transplanted organ
- Induction drugs ⇢ anti-rejection med used at time of transplant
- Maintenance drug ⇢ anti-rejection for long term
Classification
- Calcineurin inhibitors ⇢ Tacrolimus + cyclosporine
- Anti-proliferative agents ⇢ mycophenolate mofetil + Mycophenolate sodium
- mTOR inhibitor ⇢ Sirolimus
Pharmacodynamics of immunostimulants
Present a pathogen associated molecular pattern ⇢ recognised by toll-like receptors ⇢ triggers immune response
Vaccines ⇢ Provide active or passive immunity
- Active ⇢ immune system stimulated by inactive versions of antigen ⇢ body produces stronger secondary response in future
- Passive ⇢ antibodies directly injected to fight antigen
Injections of interferons
- Help activate T-cells + the immune system
Pharmacodynamics of Immunosuppressants
Suppress cell mediated immune reactions
- Humoral immunity ⇢ affected to a far lesser extent
Cyclosporine ⇢ blocks transcription of cytokines genes activated in T-cells
Pharmacokinetics
Metabolism ⇢ SER of liver cells
Excretion ⇢ via help of kidneys
Clinical use
Boosts immune system
Treats oral lesions
Treats Sjogren’s syndrome - dry mouth
Adverse effects
⇡ temp
Depression
Fatigue
Headache
Muscle pain
Dizziness
Contraindication ⇢ cannot be taken during lactation
Dental vaccine
Main dental vaccine ⇢ Anti-caries ⇢ prevention + protection against tooth decay
Routes of administration
Orally
- Daily admin of 10 cells of S.mutans in capsules = ⇡IgA
Systemic
- Antibodies travel to GCF = protection
- Passive dental immunisation
