7)DRUG ACTION + DRUG EFFECT, TYPES OF DRUG EFFECTS IN ORAL CAVITY Flashcards
Drug action
Pharmacodynamics = action of drugs on the body
- The study of biochemical + physiological effects of drugs + their mechanism of action
- Drugs that enter body ⇢ stimulate receptors, ion channels, act on enzymes/transporter proteins
Specific Drug action
- Drug binds to specific structures on cell membrane/within cell
- DNA, microbial organelles, target enzymes etc
Non-specific drug action
- Includes ⇢ osmotic diuretics, osmotic laxatives + anti-acids
Agonists
Stimulate + activate responses
Antagonists
- Stop agonists from stimulating the receptors
- Elicit no response + block access to the receptor
Drug effect
Final results from drug action that can be observed + measured
ADME scheme
Absorption ⇢ process of substance entering blood circulation
Distribution ⇢ dispersion of substances throughout fluids + tissues of body
Metabolism ⇢ recognition by organism that a foreign substance is present + transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites
Excretion ⇢ removal of substances from body
Types of drug effects in oral cavity
Many medications have a negative effect on oral cavity such as:
- abnormal bleeding
- xerostomia
- risk of candidiasis
- tooth discolouration + development effects
- bitter/metallic taste / inability to taste
- development of sores, inflammation of soft tissues
- gingival overgrowth
Abnormal bleeding
- Reduced blood clotting ⇢ side effect of aspirins + anticoagulants
- These meds are useful in preventing strokes/heart disease but can cause bleeding problems during oral surgery
Xerostomia
Causes: ⇢Blood pressure drugs
⇢Anti-anxiety meds
⇢Antipsychotics
⇢Antihistamines
risk of candidiasis
causes by antibiotics
tooth discolouration + development effects
Tetracyclines may cause this if taken before 12 yrs of age
bitter/metallic taste / inability to taste
Cardiovascular agents
CNS stimulants
NSAID’s
development of sores / inflammation of soft tissues
Blood pressure drugs
immunosuppressive agents
oral suppressive agents
gingival overgrowth
Anti-seizure meds
calcium channel blockers
