{21} Personality II

Question 1

Identify:

Evolutionary Perspective?

Answer 1

Personality traits, like physical traits evolve over long periods of time and have adaptive functions

Question 2

Identify:

Biological Persepective?

Answer 2

Individual differences in personality traits stem from genetic, neurological, and physiological sources

Question 3

Identify:

Two problems faced by living things?

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 3

Survival & Reproduction

Question 4

Define:

Mechanisms?

Physical? Psychological?

Answer 4

Adaptive solutions to problems faced by living things
Physical : The bodily organs and systems that solve survival and reprodutctive problems
Psychological : Internal and specific cognitive, motivational, or personality systems that solve problems

Question 5

Define:

Psychoticism?

Traits?

Answer 5

A combination of openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness

Aggresive, Cold, Antisocial, Impulsive, Egocentric, Creative,

Question 6

Define:

Cortical Arousal?

High? Low?

Answer 6

How active the brain is at a resting state as well as how sensitive it is to stimulation
High - High Sensitivity; Less stimulation required
Low - Low Sensitivity; More Stimulation Required

Question 7

Define:

Sensory Threshold?

High? Low?

Answer 7

How much of a stimulus is required for it to be percieved

High- Lower sensitivity to stimuli
Low - Greater sensitivty to stimuli

Question 8

Define:

Collectivism?

Answer 8

A group that is more concerned about the impact of their behavior on their family, friends, and social groups

Score higher on Conscientiousness and Agreeableness

Question 9

Define:

Individualism?

Answer 9

A group more concerned with how their behavior will affect their personal goals

Question 10

Identify:

Relationship between Personality & Career Choice?

Answer 10

Extraverts : Prefer social and enterprising majors (such as psychology, social work, and education)
Introverts/Thinking Types : Prefer realistic and investigative majors (Mech E or Arachaeology)

Question 11

Define:

Congruence?

Answer 11

When people find environments reinforcing and satisfying because they resemble their personality patterns

Question 12

Define:

Counterproductive Work Behavior?

Answer 12

Anything done by the employee that is intentionally negative for the organization

Question 13

Identify:

Best Big 5 for Careers?

Answer 13

Conscientiousness & Extraversion

Question 14

Define:

Expectancy?

High? Low? More?

Answer 14

The subjective probabilty that a given behavior will lead to a particular outcome, or reinforcer
High - Confident behavior will result in outcome
Low- Not Confident behavior will result in outcome

Formed based on past experiences

Question 15

Explain:

Equally desirable Outcomes?

Answer 15

If equal outcomes, one wil engage in behavior that has the greatest likelihood of paying off (Highest Expectancy)

Question 16

Explain:

What do you need for High Expectancy?

Answer 16

a) The capacity to enact the behavior effectively
b) The behavior will result in reinforcement

Question 17

Define:

Reinforcement Value?

High? Low?

Answer 17

The desirabilty of the outcomes of our behavior
High- Things that we want to happen
Low - Things that we wish to avoid

Question 18

Explain:

Observational & Over time Expectancy?

Answer 18

• If you see other people getting reinforced, it will influence your expectancy
• If in the past you were reinforced for a behavior, you are going to have a higher expectancy

Question 19

Explain:

Reciprocal Determinism?

Answer 19

Cognitive Processes, Behavior, and context, all interact, each factor influencing each other simultaneously determines behavior

Question 20

Define:

Cognitive Processes? Behavior? Context?

Answer 20

Cognitive Processes: All characteristics previosuly learned including beliefs, expectations, and personailty characteristics
Behavior: Anything that we do that may be rewarded or punished
Context: The environment or situation which includes rewarding/punishing stimuli

Question 21

Define:

Self-Efficacy?

Answer 21

Our level of confidence in our own abilities through social experiences

Question 22

Explain:

Locus of Control?

Internal? External?

Answer 22

Our beliefs about the power we have over our lives
Internal - People who tend to believe that most of our outcomes are the direct result of our efforts
External - Believe that our outcomes are outside of our control

Question 23

Explain:

Mischel’s Cognitive Affective Personality System (CAPS)?

Answer 23

Individual’s behavior is dictated on situational cues (The needs of a given situation) rather than personality traits

Situation -> EEGAPS -> Behavior

Question 24

Identify:

EE GAPS?

Answer 24

1. Encoding
2. Expectancies & Beliefs
3. Goals & Values
4. Affects/Emotions
5. Personal Competencies
6. Self-Regulation