{35} Prejudice & Prosocial Behavior

Question 1

Define:

Prejudice?

Implicit and Explicit?

How can explicit and implicit prejudices be measured?

Answer 1

A biased attitude towards a group of people or an individual member of a group on unfair generalizations about what members of that group are like
Explicit:
When one is fully aware of their prejudice and chooses to be that way
Implicit:
When prejudice is indirect, or unconscious even

**Implicit Associations Test (IAT): **
They make people look at two images and associate them with either positive or negative connotations. Based on response time, that would indicate their implicit prejudice

Prejudice is THINKING

Question 2

Define:

Discrimination?

Answer 2

Preferential treatment of (*Or action against) * certain people that is usally driven by prejudicial attitudes

Discrimination is ACTIONS

Question 3

Define:

In Group/Out Group Biases?

Out-Group Homogeneity?

Answer 3

When you show positive feelings towards those within your group but negative views towards others outside of your group

Out-Group Homogeneity:
The tendency to all members of an out-group the same

Question 4

Define:

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?

Example?

Answer 4

When a belief or expectation that something is going to happen unknowingly makes it happen

A teacher who expects a student to do bad neglects them and they do bad

Question 5

Define:

Bystander Effect?

Diffusion of responsibility? Other factors affecting intervention?

Answer 5

The greater number of people who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them will help

Diffusion of responsibility:
When there are many people around, an individual’s perceived responsibility to act seems to decrease

Other factors affecting intervention:
1. Whether people notice the event
2. How busy people are with other events
3. When many people are present doing nothing, people are less likely to determine something an emergency

Question 6

Explain:

Altruism?

3 Reasons for Altruism?

Answer 6

A selfless concern for and helping of others
1. Kin Selection
When people are prompted to help others because they are relatives, or kin (also so that they will survive and continue the family bloodline)
2. Reciprocal altruism
Helping others in the hope that they will help you in the future (also from an evolutionary perspective)
3. Social Exchange Theory
When we help others because such behavior can be rewarding, but only help if the rewards outweigh the costs

Question 7

Explain:

Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis?

Egoistic and empathic motivation?

Answer 7

People will offer selfless help only when they truly empathize with the victim
Egoistic Motivation:
When someone offers selfless help (Altriusm) to deal with their own needs or personal desires.
Empathic Motivation:
When someone offers selfless help (Altriusm) becuase they genuninely empathize with another person

Question 8

Define:

Microaggression?

Answer 8

A subtle verbal or nonverbal behavior, committed consciously or not, that is directed at a member of a marginalized group, and has a harmful, derogatory effect

Question 9

Explain:

4 Criteria for successful Group Contact?

Answer 9

1. Reducing Racism: Equal Status
2. Common Goals
3. See Individuals, not just Group members
4. Supportive Authority