21. Team Cohesion Flashcards
Define ‘team’
Two or more persons interacting with one another and influencing each other.
Define ‘group’
Has a collective identity, sharing a common purpose with structured communication patterns.
Define ‘cohesion’
The reason that a group of people have come together and the resistance to the group breaking up
What are the 6 I’s of group cohesion?
> Interaction
Interdependance
Interpersonal relationships (mutual attraction)
Identical goals/norms/values
Identity (perception of group’s existence)
Independance
What are Tuckman’s stages of group development?
> Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Describe the Forming stage of group developement
‘Getting to know’
> coming together
> getting to know each other
> learn task/objective
> show respect
> coach control
Describe the storming stage of group development
(Conflict)
> team members compete with each other
> alliances formed
> power struggles
> may experience failure
Describe the norming stage of group developement
(Cooperation)
> work together
> rules developed (acceptable behaviour defined)
> development of trust, constructive criticism, new ideas
> cohesion develops
Describe the performing stage of group developement
(Working together to achieve goals)
> unit - high levels of interdependence
> support each other
What 4 factors (Carron’s Antecedents) can influence team cohesion?
> Environmental factors
Personal factors
Leadership factors
Team factors
Describe how Carron’s Antecedent (Environmental factors) can influence team cohesion
> Team size: too any people can lead to cliques, and motivation can be reduced
Time available: more time together = more time for cohesion to build
Gender and age: a mix may reduce common goals and cohesion
Describe how Carron’s Antecedent (personal factors) can influence team cohesion
Refers to similarities of group members’:
> aspirations
> opinions and values
> happiness with their role
> fitness
Describe how Carron’s Antecedent (Leadership factors) can influence team cohesion
Leadership style chosen by coach/captain and their relationship with other team members influences cohesion.
Describe how Carron’s Antecedent (team factors) can influence team cohesion
Team success is important - the more success is achieved, the higher cohesion will be. Wins and losses strengthen the team
What categories can cohesion be divided into?
> Task cohesion: the ability of a group to work together to achieve a common goal
Social cohesion: interaction of players and their interpersonal relationships
What is task cohesion?
> relates to the way team members work with each other to successfully complete a task
looks at the end result, each member contributing with a role
Give 2 examples of task cohesion
> Manchester City setting out to win the league - sticking to an attractive style of football
Team Sky working to ensure Chris Frome won the Tour de France
What is social cohesion?
> socialising outside of sport
trust and support between players
enjoyment is key to team’s success
the degree to which members like each other and how they act accordingly
team leader - positive environment created
Give an example of high social cohesion
Arsenal’s invincible
How can a coach promote team cohesion?
> establish common goals
ensure players know roles
implement set plays/tactics
measure individual/group performance - technology to reduce social loafing
create shared experiences
rewards, motivate desire for success
use leadership styles appropriately
no cliques
understand personalities
What is Steiner’s model of a group/team?
Actual productivity = potential productivity - faulty processes
What are the two categories of faulty processes?
> Co-ordination problems: if thee should be high levels of interactions but players are being selfish
Motivational problems: performing in a group causes individuals to perform below their best potential (social loafing)
What are some causes of coordination problems?
> selfish play
aggressive play
poor tactics/communication/teamwork
players not knowing plays/roles
