(21) The Third Civil War

Question 1

When was the ‘Eikon Basilike’ published?

Answer 1

10 days after Charles’ execution

Question 2

What was the ‘Eikon Basilike’?

Answer 2

A hagiographical text of the King

Question 3

Where was Prince Charles by 1648?

Answer 3

Living in The Hague

Question 4

When were 5 Royalists executed for their roles in the civil war?

Answer 4

9 March

Question 5

What challenges did Prince Charles face?

Answer 5

• in exile it was difficult to co-ordinate military action
• little financial support
• Irish and Scottish favoured constitutional balance over loyalty to the Crown

Question 6

When was the Second Ormand Agreement?

Answer 6

17 January 1649

Question 7

What were the terms in the Second Ormand Agreement?

Answer 7

• ‘full assurance’ that Catholics would have equal rights to Irish Protestants
• dissolution of confederate government
• restructure Irish-royalist army, Ormand as the head

Question 8

When was Cromwell offered the command to resolve the ‘Irish problem’?

Answer 8

Spring 1649

Question 9

When did Cromwell land in Ireland?

Answer 9

August 1649

Question 10

How many troops was in the Parliamentary army for Ireland?

Answer 10

12,000

Question 11

When was the massacre of Drogheda?

Answer 11

September 1649

Question 12

What was the significance of Drogheda?

Answer 12

It cut Dublin off from the Ulster

Question 13

When was the massacre of Wexford?

Answer 13

October 1649

Question 14

How many men was Ormand’s army reduced to?

Answer 14

3,000

Question 15

How many were killed in Drogheda?

Answer 15

est. 3000

Question 16

How many were killed in Wexford?

Answer 16

est. 2000

Question 17

When did Cromwell return from Ireland?

Answer 17

May 1650

Question 18

What were the reasons for Cromwell’s actions in Ireland and their justification?

Answer 18

• massacre of protestants in 1631 from Hapsburg Catholics 1631
• Irish Rebellion 1641

Question 19

What was the conclusion of the Irish Campaign?

Answer 19

• New Model Army caused desertions
• Ormand was losing Royalist support
• Prince Charles secured an agreement with Scots, this rejected Ormand’s

Question 20

When did Prince Charles accept the agreement with the Scots?

Answer 20

June 1650

Question 21

Who became the scapegoat for the Irish suffering?

Answer 21

Ormand

Question 22

What did the Scots interpret their Covenant as?

Answer 22

A religious and moral obligation - bounded them to the restoration of Charles II

Question 23

When was Prince Charles declared King Charles II in Scotland?

Answer 23

February 1649

Question 24

When was an act passed that defined the constitutional position of Charles II?

Answer 24

7 February 1649

Question 25

What were the conditions of the act that defined Price Charles' constitutional rolse?

Answer 25

- subscribe and sustain National and Solemn League and Covenants - maintain Scottish Presbyterian Church Agreement - establish a Presbyterian settlement in England and Ireland

Question 26

Who was the Marquis of Montrose?

Answer 26

A Scottish supporter of the crown

Question 27

When was the Montrose rising?

Answer 27

Early 1650

Question 28

What was the Montrose rising?

Answer 28

A small force of mercenaries in an attempt to raise the Highland clans and sweep Prince Charles into coronation

Question 29

What battle was Montrose's troops defeated?

Answer 29

Carbisdale

Question 30

When was Montrose executed?

Answer 30

21 May 1650

Question 31

What was the Treaty of Breda?

Answer 31

The settlement between Prince Charles and Scotland

Question 32

What were the negotiations over the Scottish settlement?

Answer 32

- compulsory subscription to the Covenant - king and family become Presbyterian - no toleration for Catholicism - all recent treaties to be annulled Prince Charles to declare that he honoured Jesus Christ more than his mother and father

Question 33

When was the Treaty of Breda confirmed?

Answer 33

1 May 1650

Question 34

When was the battle of Dunbar?

Answer 34

September 1650

Question 35

When did General Fairfax retire?

Answer 35

Before the Scottish invasion

Question 36

Who became the new Lord General?

Answer 36

Oliver Cromwell

Question 37

How many troops were sent to Scotland?

Answer 37

-7500 by foot -3500 cavalry

Question 38

Who was the New Model Army faced with in Scotland?

Answer 38

David Leslie, the hero of Marston Moor

Question 39

How many men were commanded under Leslie?

Answer 39

22,000

Question 40

What city became occupied by Cromwell?

Answer 40

Edinburgh

Question 41

When was the battle of Worcester?

Answer 41

September 1651

Question 42

What did an act by the Scottish Parliament in December 1650 allow?

Answer 42

Convicted royalists were allowed to fight alongside Covenanters - renewed Scottish Army

Question 43

Who led the Worcester invasion?

Answer 43

Prince Charles

Question 44

What was the target of the Worcester invasion?

Answer 44

To reach London

Question 45

How big was the New Model Army?

Answer 45

28,000

Question 46

How big was the Royalist army?

Answer 46

12,000 - most Scots

Question 47

What were the losses at the battle of Worcester?

Answer 47

3000 R - 200 P

Question 48

What did Cromwell credit the victory as?

Answer 48

Providence

Question 49

What happened to Prince Charles?

Answer 49

he escaped into exile in France