2.1.2 - BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES [PART 2]

Question 1

What are the four main types of biological molecules?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 2

What is the basic unit of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Monosaccharides.

Question 3

True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.

Answer 3

False.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Proteins are made up of ______.

Answer 4

Amino acids.

Question 5

What type of bond links amino acids together?

Answer 5

Peptide bonds.

Question 6

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

Answer 6

Storage and transmission of genetic information.

Question 7

Which carbohydrate serves as the main energy source for cells?

Answer 7

Glucose.

Question 8

Name the two types of nucleic acids.

Answer 8

DNA and RNA.

Question 9

True or False: Enzymes are a type of lipid.

Answer 9

False.

Question 10

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Answer 10

Nucleotide.

Question 11

Which functional group is characteristic of alcohols?

Answer 11

Hydroxyl group (-OH).

Question 12

What type of lipid is used for long-term energy storage?

Answer 12

Triglycerides.

Question 13

What is the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 13

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The sequence of ______ in a protein determines its function.

Answer 14

Amino acids.

Question 15

What is the role of ATP in biological systems?

Answer 15

ATP acts as the primary energy carrier in cells.

Question 16

Which carbohydrate is a structural component of plant cell walls?

Answer 16

Cellulose.

Question 17

What is the function of enzymes in biological reactions?

Answer 17

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

Question 18

True or False: DNA is single-stranded.

Answer 18

False.

Question 19

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 19

Amino acids.

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The basic structure of a nucleotide includes a sugar, a phosphate group, and a ______.

Answer 20

Nitrogenous base.

Question 21

What is the primary role of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Answer 21

To provide energy.

Question 22

Which type of bond forms between two sugar molecules in disaccharides?

Answer 22

Glycosidic bond.

Question 23

What is the main characteristic of phospholipids?

Answer 23

They have a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

Question 24

True or False: All proteins are enzymes.

Answer 24

False.

Question 25

What is the process called when proteins lose their three-dimensional structure?

Answer 25

Denaturation.

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The primary structure of a protein is determined by its ______ sequence.

Answer 26

Amino acid.

Question 27

Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

Answer 27

mRNA (messenger RNA).

Question 28

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Answer 28

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

Question 29

Name a type of protein that helps with muscle contraction.

Answer 29

Actin or myosin.

Question 30

Which molecule is known as the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Answer 30

ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Question 31

True or False: Lipids are primarily used for immediate energy.

Answer 31

False.

Question 32

What is a polymer?

Answer 32

A large molecule composed of repeating subunits called monomers.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The ______ structure of proteins is formed by the folding and twisting of the polypeptide chain.

Answer 33

Secondary.

Question 34

What type of carbohydrate is formed by the linkage of many glucose molecules?

Answer 34

Starch.

Question 35

What is the role of cholesterol in cell membranes?

Answer 35

Cholesterol helps to maintain membrane fluidity.

Question 36

True or False: Glycogen is a form of carbohydrate storage in animals.

Answer 36

True.

Question 37

What is the function of ribosomes in cells?

Answer 37

Ribosomes synthesize proteins.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: Enzymes lower the ______ of a chemical reaction.

Answer 38

Activation energy.

Question 39

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

Answer 39

DNA and RNA.

Question 40

What is a common example of a polysaccharide?

Answer 40

Starch, glycogen, or cellulose.

Question 41

True or False: All lipids are fats.

Answer 41

False.

Question 42

What is the main function of structural proteins?

Answer 42

To provide support and shape to cells and tissues.

Question 43

Which type of bond is formed between two nucleotides in a DNA strand?

Answer 43

Phosphodiester bond.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: The ______ structure of a protein is its overall three-dimensional shape.

Answer 44

Tertiary.

Question 45

What is the primary role of lipids in the body?

Answer 45

Energy storage, insulation, and making up cell membranes.

Question 46

True or False: All enzymes are proteins.

Answer 46

True.

Question 47

What type of reaction forms polymers from monomers?

Answer 47

Condensation reaction.

Question 48

Fill in the blank: The ______ structure of proteins consists of multiple polypeptide chains.

Answer 48

Quaternary.

Question 49

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Answer 49

To carry genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Question 50

Which molecule is formed by the dehydration synthesis of two monosaccharides?

Answer 50

Disaccharide.

Question 51

True or False: Proteins can function as hormones.

Answer 51

True.

Question 52

What is the term for the specific region of an enzyme where the substrate binds?

Answer 52

Active site.

Question 53

Fill in the blank: The basic unit of a lipid is a ______.

Answer 53

Fatty acid.

Question 54

What is the function of transport proteins in the cell membrane?

Answer 54

To facilitate the movement of substances across the membrane.

Question 55

What is a common function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Answer 55

To provide energy and serve as structural components.

Question 56

True or False: RNA can be double-stranded.

Answer 56

False.

Question 57

What is the function of glycoproteins in the cell membrane?

Answer 57

They play a role in cell recognition and signaling.

Question 58

Fill in the blank: The ______ of a protein is determined by the sequence of its amino acids.

Answer 58

Function.

Question 59

What is the primary function of triglycerides?

Answer 59

Long-term energy storage.

Question 60

True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.

Answer 60

False.

Question 61

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 61

Monosaccharide.

Question 62

Fill in the blank: The ______ structure of a protein is maintained by hydrogen bonds and disulfide bridges.

Answer 62

Tertiary.

Question 63

What is the role of nucleotides in nucleic acids?

Answer 63

Nucleotides serve as the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Question 64

True or False: Saturated fats are typically liquid at room temperature.

Answer 64

False.

Question 65

What is the role of collagen in the body?

Answer 65

Collagen provides structural support in connective tissues.

Question 66

What type of reaction breaks down polymers into monomers?

Answer 66

Hydrolysis reaction.

Question 67

Fill in the blank: The ______ structure of proteins consists of the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

Answer 67

Primary.

Question 68

What is the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

Answer 68

Enzymes facilitate and regulate biochemical reactions.

Question 69

True or False: All carbohydrates are sweet to taste.

Answer 69

False.

Question 70

What is the main component of the cell membrane?

Answer 70

Phospholipids.

Question 71

What is the term for the storage form of glucose in animals?

Answer 71

Glycogen.

Question 72

Fill in the blank: The ______ structure of a protein is formed when multiple polypeptide chains interact.

Answer 72

Quaternary.