6.2.1 - CLONING + BIOTECHNOLOGY

Question 1

What is cloning?

Answer 1

Cloning is the process of creating a genetically identical copy of an organism or a cell.

Question 2

True or False: Cloning can only be done with animals.

Answer 2

False.

Question 3

What is the primary purpose of therapeutic cloning?

Answer 3

The primary purpose of therapeutic cloning is to produce stem cells for medical treatment.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The first cloned mammal was _______.

Answer 4

Dolly the sheep.

Question 5

What is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?

Answer 5

SCNT is a cloning technique where the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated egg cell.

Question 6

What are the ethical concerns associated with cloning?

Answer 6

Ethical concerns include the potential for exploitation, genetic diversity loss, and issues related to consent.

Question 7

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of cloning? A) Reproductive cloning B) Therapeutic cloning C) Genetic cloning D) Molecular cloning

Answer 7

C) Genetic cloning.

Question 8

What is the role of stem cells in biotechnology?

Answer 8

Stem cells can differentiate into various cell types and are used in regenerative medicine and research.

Question 9

True or False: Cloned organisms are always identical in behavior and traits.

Answer 9

False.

Question 10

What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?

Answer 10

A GMO is an organism whose genome has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The process of inserting a gene into a plant or animal to modify its traits is known as _______.

Answer 11

genetic engineering.

Question 12

What are plasmids used for in biotechnology?

Answer 12

Plasmids are used as vectors to transfer genetic material into host cells.

Question 13

Multiple Choice: Which method is commonly used for gene editing? A) CRISPR B) PCR C) Gel electrophoresis D) Cloning

Answer 13

A) CRISPR.

Question 14

What is the significance of the Human Genome Project?

Answer 14

The Human Genome Project aimed to map all the genes in the human genome, advancing genetic research.

Question 15

True or False: Bioremediation utilizes living organisms to clean up contaminated environments.

Answer 15

True.

Question 16

What is the purpose of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Answer 16

PCR is used to amplify small segments of DNA for analysis.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The term _______ refers to the use of organisms to produce products, often in industrial contexts.

Answer 17

biotechnology.

Question 18

What is gene therapy?

Answer 18

Gene therapy is a technique that modifies or replaces faulty genes to treat diseases.

Question 19

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential application of cloning? A) Producing insulin B) Creating a genetically identical animal C) Both A and B D) None of the above

Answer 19

C) Both A and B.

Question 20

What are the main stages of somatic cell nuclear transfer?

Answer 20

The main stages are enucleation, nuclear transfer, and activation of the egg cell.

Question 21

True or False: Cloning technology can be used to preserve endangered species.

Answer 21

True.

Question 22

What is a transgenic organism?

Answer 22

A transgenic organism is one that has been genetically modified to contain a gene from another species.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: _______ are often used in genetic engineering to cut DNA at specific sequences.

Answer 23

Restriction enzymes.

Question 24

What are the potential benefits of cloning in agriculture?

Answer 24

Cloning can produce high-yield and disease-resistant crops.

Question 25

Multiple Choice: Which of the following technologies is NOT used in biotechnology? A) Fermentation B) Genetic mapping C) Traditional breeding D) None of the above

Answer 25

D) None of the above.

Question 26

What is the main ethical issue related to human cloning?

Answer 26

The main ethical issue is the moral status of the cloned human and implications for identity.

Question 27

True or False: All cloned animals are healthy.

Answer 27

False.

Question 28

What is the function of a vector in genetic engineering?

Answer 28

A vector transfers genetic material into a host organism.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: _______ cloning is used to create copies of entire organisms.

Answer 29

Reproductive.

Question 30

What is a common use of genetically modified bacteria?

Answer 30

Genetically modified bacteria are commonly used to produce insulin.

Question 31

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a benefit of biotechnology? A) Improved crop yield B) Increased biodiversity C) Disease resistance D) Production of pharmaceuticals

Answer 31

B) Increased biodiversity.

Question 32

What are the risks associated with GMOs?

Answer 32

Risks include environmental impact, potential health risks, and loss of biodiversity.

Question 33

True or False: Cloning can be used to create organs for transplantation.

Answer 33

True.

Question 34

What is the role of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?

Answer 34

DNA ligase joins DNA fragments together.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The study of the complete set of proteins produced by an organism is called _______.

Answer 35

proteomics.

Question 36

What is the purpose of using model organisms in biotechnology?

Answer 36

Model organisms are used to study biological processes that can be applied to humans.

Question 37

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method of cloning? A) Cell fusion B) Gene therapy C) Somatic cell nuclear transfer D) All of the above

Answer 37

C) Somatic cell nuclear transfer.

Question 38

What is the difference between reproductive and therapeutic cloning?

Answer 38

Reproductive cloning creates a new organism, while therapeutic cloning produces cells for treatment.

Question 39

True or False: CRISPR technology can be used to edit genomes.

Answer 39

True.

Question 40

What is the significance of gene editing in medicine?

Answer 40

Gene editing can potentially cure genetic disorders by correcting mutations.

Question 41

Fill in the blank: _______ is the process of selecting plants or animals with desirable traits for breeding.

Answer 41

Selective breeding.

Question 42

What are the benefits of using stem cells in research?

Answer 42

Stem cells can provide insights into development and disease and have potential for regenerative therapies.

Question 43

Multiple Choice: Which enzyme is essential for DNA replication? A) DNA polymerase B) RNA polymerase C) Ligase D) Helicase

Answer 43

A) DNA polymerase.

Question 44

True or False: Biotechnology can contribute to sustainable agriculture.

Answer 44

True.

Question 45

What are the potential uses of cloning in medicine?

Answer 45

Cloning can be used for organ transplantation, producing tissues, and studying diseases.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The process of creating multiple identical copies of a DNA sequence is called _______.

Answer 46

amplification.

Question 47

What is the main goal of synthetic biology?

Answer 47

The main goal of synthetic biology is to design and construct new biological parts and systems.

Question 48

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a concern regarding GMOs? A) Food safety B) Health effects C) Environmental impact D) All of the above

Answer 48

D) All of the above.

Question 49

True or False: Cloning can help in the study of developmental biology.

Answer 49

True.

Question 50

What is a bioreactor?

Answer 50

A bioreactor is a vessel that provides a controlled environment for biochemical reactions, often used in fermentation.

Question 51

Fill in the blank: _______ is the term for the manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology.

Answer 51

Genetic modification.

Question 52

What is the role of bioinformatics in biotechnology?

Answer 52

Bioinformatics uses software tools to analyze biological data, especially in genomics and proteomics.

Question 53

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of stem cells? A) They can differentiate into various cell types B) They are limited to one cell type C) They cannot divide D) They are always embryonic

Answer 53

A) They can differentiate into various cell types.

Question 54

True or False: Genetic modification can increase crop resistance to pests.

Answer 54

True.

Question 55

What is the purpose of using CRISPR-Cas9 technology?

Answer 55

CRISPR-Cas9 is used for precise genome editing, allowing specific modifications to DNA.

Question 56

Fill in the blank: _______ cloning is used to create specific tissues or cells for therapeutic purposes.

Answer 56

Therapeutic.

Question 57

What are the potential challenges of cloning endangered species?

Answer 57

Challenges include genetic diversity issues and the need for suitable surrogate mothers.

Question 58

Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes biotechnology? A) The use of living systems to develop products B) The study of plant biology C) The practice of traditional agriculture D) None of the above

Answer 58

A) The use of living systems to develop products.

Question 59

True or False: Cloning can be used for agricultural purposes.

Answer 59

True.

Question 60

What is the importance of ethical guidelines in biotechnology?

Answer 60

Ethical guidelines ensure responsible research practices and address moral concerns related to biotechnological advances.

Question 61

Fill in the blank: _______ is the term for the introduction of foreign DNA into an organism's genome.

Answer 61

Transfection.

Question 62

What is the impact of biotechnology on food production?

Answer 62

Biotechnology can enhance food security by increasing crop yields and resistance to diseases.

Question 63

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method to produce genetically modified crops? A) Hybridization B) Gene editing C) Cloning D) All of the above

Answer 63

B) Gene editing.

Question 64

True or False: The use of biotechnology is limited to agriculture.

Answer 64

False.

Question 65

What is the purpose of using DNA sequencing?

Answer 65

DNA sequencing determines the exact sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.

Question 66

Fill in the blank: _______ technology allows scientists to edit genes with high precision.

Answer 66

CRISPR.

Question 67

What is the role of genetic counseling in biotechnology?

Answer 67

Genetic counseling provides information and support to individuals about genetic conditions and testing.

Question 68

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a potential application of biotechnology? A) Developing new drugs B) Creating biofuels C) Cloning extinct species D) All are applications

Answer 68

D) All are applications.

Question 69

True or False: Biotechnology can help in the field of renewable energy.

Answer 69

True.

Question 70

What is the function of a biosensor?

Answer 70

A biosensor detects biological changes and converts them into measurable signals.

Question 71

Fill in the blank: _______ is the study of organisms at the molecular level, including their genes and proteins.

Answer 71

Molecular biology.

Question 72

What is the impact of biotechnology on healthcare?

Answer 72

Biotechnology has led to advancements in diagnostics, treatments, and personalized medicine.