5.2.2 - RESPIRATION

Question 1

What is the primary purpose of respiration in living organisms?

Answer 1

To convert glucose into usable energy (ATP).

Question 2

True or False: Aerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What are the two main types of respiration?

Answer 3

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down glucose to produce ATP is known as ______.

Answer 4

cellular respiration

Question 5

What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 5

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 6

What is produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Answer 6

Ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 7

Which organelle is primarily involved in aerobic respiration?

Answer 7

Mitochondria.

Question 8

What is the role of NADH in cellular respiration?

Answer 8

It acts as an electron carrier.

Question 9

True or False: Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

Answer 10

Lactic acid.

Question 11

What is the main advantage of aerobic respiration over anaerobic respiration?

Answer 11

It produces more ATP.

Question 12

What is the first stage of aerobic respiration?

Answer 12

Glycolysis.

Question 13

In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?

Answer 13

Cytoplasm.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The Krebs cycle occurs in the ______.

Answer 14

mitochondrial matrix

Question 15

What is the main purpose of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 15

To produce electron carriers (NADH and FADH2).

Question 16

What molecule is produced as a waste product in aerobic respiration?

Answer 16

Carbon dioxide.

Question 17

True or False: Oxygen is required for the Krebs cycle to occur.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Answer 18

Oxygen.

Question 19

What process occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 19

Electron transport chain.

Question 20

Fill in the blank: ATP synthase is an enzyme that synthesizes ______.

Answer 20

ATP

Question 21

What is produced during the electron transport chain?

Answer 21

ATP and water.

Question 22

What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?

Answer 22

2 ATP.

Question 23

How many ATP molecules are produced during one turn of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 23

1 ATP directly (but produces NADH and FADH2 which generate more ATP).

Question 24

True or False: Anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic respiration.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

Answer 25

To act as the final electron acceptor.

Question 26

What type of fermentation occurs in muscle cells?

Answer 26

Lactic acid fermentation.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The process by which glucose is converted to pyruvate is known as ______.

Answer 27

glycolysis

Question 28

What is the main product of alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 28

Ethanol.

Question 29

What happens to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen?

Answer 29

It enters the Krebs cycle.

Question 30

What is the main disadvantage of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 30

It produces less ATP and can lead to lactic acid buildup.

Question 31

True or False: All cells can perform anaerobic respiration.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

What is the role of coenzyme A in cellular respiration?

Answer 32

To transport acetyl groups to the Krebs cycle.

Question 33

What is the total ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?

Answer 33

Approximately 30-32 ATP.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The process of generating ATP using the energy from electrons is called ______.

Answer 34

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 35

What is the significance of the proton gradient in the electron transport chain?

Answer 35

It drives ATP synthesis.

Question 36

What is the intermediate molecule formed from glucose during glycolysis?

Answer 36

Pyruvate.

Question 37

True or False: The Krebs cycle occurs twice for each glucose molecule that is metabolized.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What are the two types of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 38

Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.

Question 39

What is the fate of NADH produced in glycolysis?

Answer 39

It is used in the electron transport chain or converted back to NAD+ during fermentation.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The total number of ATP produced from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle is ______.

Answer 40

4 ATP (net) plus ATP from electron transport chain.

Question 41

What does the term 'substrate-level phosphorylation' refer to?

Answer 41

The direct synthesis of ATP from ADP and a phosphate group.

Question 42

What is the main advantage of aerobic respiration?

Answer 42

Higher ATP yield compared to anaerobic respiration.

Question 43

True or False: Lactic acid fermentation produces carbon dioxide.

Answer 43

False

Question 44

What is the primary energy currency of the cell?

Answer 44

ATP.

Question 45

What are teh 4 stages in aerobic respiration?

Answer 45

- Glycolysis - Link reaction - Krebs cycle - Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 46

Describe the process of Glycolysis

Answer 46

- Splits one glucose molecule (6C) into two pyruvate molecules (3C) - Occurs in cytoplasm - Glucose phosphorylated by adding g 2 phosphate from 2 ATP molecules - Creates 1 hexose bisphosphate molecule + 2 ADP molecules - Bisphsopate split into 2 triose phosphate molecules (TP) - TP is oxidised (loses hydrogen) + forms 2 pyruvate molecules - nAD collects hydrogen, forming 2 reduced NAD - 4 ATP are produced, but 2 used up earlier so net gain = 2 ATP