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Bio 2 > Ch_22_Fungi > Flashcards

Ch_22_Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Mycology

A

The study of fungi

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2
Q

Number of Fungi Species

A

80,000

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3
Q

Are yeasts unicellular or multicellular

A

unicellular

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4
Q

Do Fungi photosynthesize

A

no

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5
Q

What are Fungi cell walls made of

A

chitin

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6
Q

How do Fungi store energy

A

glycogen

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7
Q

How do fungi obtain nutrition

A

secrete digestive enzymes, molecules brokendown and absorbed

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8
Q

Saprotrophic decomposers

A

break down wastes/remains of plants/animals

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9
Q

Most fungi are _ decomposers

A

saprotrophic

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10
Q

mycelium

A

whole fungus

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11
Q

_ grow from spores and form the mycelium

A

hyphae filaments

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12
Q

Fairy Ring

A

fungal mycelia growing outward in a circle

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13
Q

cell wall partitions

A

septa

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14
Q

septa

A

cell wall partitions

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15
Q

nonseptate fungi

A

lack septa in hyphae

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16
Q

how do cytoplasm and organelles pass in septate fungi cytoplasm

A

pores

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17
Q

in fungus reproduction, a specific portion of the _ becomes a reproductive structure supported by rest of mycelium

A

mycelium

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18
Q

This Fungus Phylum has flagellated spores

A

Chytridiomycota

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19
Q

Another word for Phylum Chytridiomycota

A

water molds

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20
Q

May resemble first fungi to have evolved

A

Chytridiomycota

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21
Q

Aquatic fungi with flagellated zoospores

A

Chytrids

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22
Q

Most Chytrids are a, but some are b

A

decomposers, parasitic

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23
Q

linked to the decline of frog populations

A

Chytridiomycota

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24
Q

Rhizopus

A

common bread mold, belongs to phylum Zygomycota

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25
Q

Does Rhizopus produce asexual or sexual spores

A

both

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26
Q

Prudoced as Zygomycota fungus begins to grow and spread

A

asexual sporangia

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27
Q

_spores form as food is depleted

A

Zygo

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28
Q

How is a Zygomycota zygote formed

A

hyphae from different strains (+ & -) fuse

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29
Q

Zygomycota spores are covered with _ for protection

A

protein

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30
Q

how long can the Zygomocata spores live for

A

months

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31
Q

Dung Mold

A

Pilobolus

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32
Q

Pilobolus Phylum

A

Zygomycota

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33
Q

Cow won’t eat grass near dung, how does Pilobolus get cows to eat spores

A

spore cap on water sac grows, water heats up and shoots out spore

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34
Q

Ring of Repugnance

A

area of grass where cows won’t eat

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35
Q

Phylum Ascomycota

A

the sac fungi

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36
Q

Morel Phylum

A

Ascomycota

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37
Q

Yeasts Phylum

A

Ascomycota

38
Q

Penicillum Phylum

A

Ascomycota

39
Q

Peziza Phylum

A

Ascomycota

40
Q

Contain 75% of known fungi species

A

Asycomycota

41
Q

Ascocarp

A

structure on Ascomycota species that holds asci sacs and associated ascospore

42
Q

Where do sexual ascospores form in Ascomycota species

A

asci sacs

43
Q

Asexual reproduction in Ascomycota species

A

asexual conidiospores form in conidia

44
Q

conidia

A

pod-like structures supported by conidiophores

45
Q

where are conidiophores found

A

end of hyphae filaments

46
Q

when was Penicillin discovered

A

1928

47
Q

Who discovered Penicillin

A

Alexander Fleming

48
Q

how does Penicillin work as an antibiotic

A

digestive enzymes kill/deter bacterial growth

49
Q

Fungus Roquefort blue cheese is made from

A

Penicillium roquefortii

50
Q

Truffle grow underground on plant roots, how do they disperse spores

A

emit smell that attracts animals to ingest and spread them

51
Q

Truffle Phylum

A

Ascomycota

52
Q

How do yeast reproduce asexually

A

budding

53
Q

How do yeast reproduce sexually

A

cell fusion and karyogamy in ascus

54
Q

yeast ferment _ to produce alcohol and CO2

A

sugars

55
Q

human uses for yeast

A

brewing, baking

56
Q

all yeast are not parasitic T/F

A

F

57
Q

Cause of yeast infections in adult males/females

A

Candida

58
Q

Ascomycota genus that causes Toenail Fungus

A

Trichophyton

59
Q

Ascomycota species that causes Foot Fungus

A

Trichophyton rubrum

60
Q

Lichen

A

mutualism between ascomycota fungi and green algea/cyanobacteria

61
Q

What does Fungi receive from algae in Lichen

A

sugars

62
Q

What does Algae receive form Fungi in lichen

A

water and nutrients

63
Q

Lichens can live in adverse conditions T/F

A

T

64
Q

Lichens are robust to air pollution

A

F

65
Q

Soredia

A

little sacs emitted from lichens that contain fungal hyphae and at least one algal cell

66
Q

The Club Fungi

A

Phylum Basidiomycota

67
Q

Mushroom Phylum

A

Basidiomycota

68
Q

Shelf fungi Phylum

A

Basidiomycota

69
Q

Puffball Phylum

A

Basidiomycota

70
Q

_ consist of gill/pores cap with a stem

A

mushrooms

71
Q

Mushroom spores produced on the _ on the gills

A

basidia

72
Q

Spores on mushrooms produced on basidia by _

A

meiosis

73
Q

Where do mushroom spores fuse

A

in the soil

74
Q

Are mushroom spores haploid or diploid

A

haploid

75
Q

Amanita mushrooms are toxic T/F

A

T

76
Q

Psilocybes can cause _

A

hallucinations

77
Q

When puffball fungus puff spores

A

wind gusts or animal movements

78
Q

where do spores puff from on puffball fungus

A

fruiting bodies

79
Q

Phylum Glomeromycota main trait

A

asexual plant symbionts

80
Q

Glomeromycota are _ _ _

A

obligate mutualistic symbiosis

81
Q

Where do Glomeromycota grow

A

tips of tree roots

82
Q

What percent of plant families found to have relationship with Glomeromycota

A

90

83
Q

Plants gain _ from glomeromycota

A

nutrients from soil

84
Q

glomeromycota receive _ from plant root

A

sugar

85
Q

glomeromycotae necessary when transplanting trees T/F

A

T

86
Q

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae phylum

A

Glomeromycota

87
Q

_% of known plant species have relationship with Arbascular mycorrhizae

A

70

88
Q

Arbascular mycorrhizae hyphae _ plant root cells and _ into the soil

A

penetrate, extend

89
Q

Arbascular mycorrhizae charecterstics

A

aseptate, asexual reproduction, enable plants to colonize land

90
Q

This Glomeromycota genus is found in many species of forest trees

A

Ectomycorrhiza

91
Q

tree examples with Ectomycorrhiza

A

Pine, Oak, Willow, and Birch

92
Q

Ectomycorrhiza hyphae _ and _ penetrate the plant root

A

surrond, do not

Bio 2 (17 decks)

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