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Bio 2 > Ch_35_Higher_Verterbrates > Flashcards

Ch_35_Higher_Verterbrates Flashcards

1
Q

periods of the Mesozoic Era

A

Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous

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2
Q

When was the Triassic period?

A

250 - 200 mya

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3
Q

When was the Jurassic period?

A

200 - 145 mya

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4
Q

When was the Cretaceous period?

A

145 - 65 mya

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5
Q

Why are Reptilia the first animals to colonize land

A

shelled egg did not need to be in water

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6
Q

How do Reptiles prevent losing water

A

scaled skin that are dry

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7
Q

Since eggs are shelled, how are they fertilized?

A

internal

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8
Q

Ectotherm definition

A

cold blooded

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9
Q

Reptiles are warm blooded or cold blooded

A

cold blooded

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10
Q

Some Reptiles _ in cold climates

A

hibernate

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11
Q

Which class was the first flying vertebrates

A

Reptilia

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12
Q

Four membranes of Amniotic egg

A

Chorion, Amnion, yolk sac, Allantois

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13
Q

Chorion

A

outermost layer of Amniotic egg - gas exchange

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14
Q

Amnion

A

second-most outer layer of Amniotic egg - surrounds embryo in fluid-cavity

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15
Q

yolk sac

A

Amniotic egg layer that has food

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16
Q

Allantois

A

layer of Amniotic egg that has excreted wastes

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17
Q

Animals that are reptiles

A

snakes, turtles, tortoises, crocodiles, alligators, lizards, dinosaurs (debatable)

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18
Q

T/F Dinosaurs descended from the first reptiles on land

A

T

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19
Q

When did dinosaurs first appear?

A

Mesozoic Era

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20
Q

Major reason proposed for dinosaur extinction

A

meteorite

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21
Q

Why did some species of small reptiles survive the meteorite and cold winter?

A

hibernate in cold

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22
Q

Why did various bird and mammals survive the meteorite?

A

warm blooded and small

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23
Q

Lizards make up what percent of reptile species

A

50%

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24
Q

Number of Lizard species

A

3,800

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25
Q

T/F Lizards are slow moving in general

A

F fast moving

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26
Q

T/F Lizards are most predators

A

T, with teeth and tongue often designed for predation

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27
Q

Lizards contain _ to camouflage

A

chromatophores

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28
Q

Lizards are able to live in which climates

A

tropical and temperate

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29
Q

Jesus Christ Lizard species

A

Fennel Lizards

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30
Q

Komodo Dragon another term

A

Monitor Lizard

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31
Q

Largest lizard

A

Komodo Dragon

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32
Q

Snakes are part of this class

A

Reptilia

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33
Q

number of snake species

A

3,000

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34
Q

Who did snakes evolve from?

A

lizards

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35
Q

How do Pit vipers detect body heat

A

heat sensing pit

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36
Q

Pit viper examples

A

Copperhead, Rattlesnake, Water Moccasin

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37
Q

How do Pit vipers penetrate poison into prey

A

collapsible fangs

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38
Q

What type of toxin does Pit viper venom have

A

Hemolytic toxin

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39
Q

Snake responsible for the number 1 bite in SC

A

Copperhead

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40
Q

How do California ground squirrels avoid Pit viper snake strikes

A

tail flagging and sand kicking

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41
Q

Another term for Cottonmouth

A

Water Moccasin

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42
Q

Why are Water Moccasins referred to as cottonmouths?

A

white mouth when open

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43
Q

T/F Fixed Fang snakes fangs are collapsible

A

F

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44
Q

Fixed Fang snake examples

A

Cobra and Coral

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45
Q

Types of enzyme in Fixed Fang snakes

A

Digestive and neurotoxin

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46
Q

Where are Fixed Fang snakes found

A

coast

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47
Q

Harmless snake that looks like Coral Snake

A

Milk snake

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48
Q

Poison Order of Copperhead, Rattlesnake, Coral Snake

A

Coral Snake > Diamondback > Copperhead

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49
Q

Red on yellow, deadly fellow; Red on black, venom black

A

Coral Snake vs Milk Snake

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50
Q

Largest poisonous snake

A

King Cobra

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51
Q

Largest snake that ever lived

A

Titanoboa

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52
Q

Titanoboa length and weight found

A

48 ft and 2,500 pounds

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53
Q

Number of turtle and tortoise species

A

250

54
Q

Turtles live in _ environments and tortoises live in _ environments

A

aquatic, land

55
Q

Both turtles and tortoises have _ to protect their bodies

A

shells

56
Q

T/F turtles and tortoises have teeth

A

F, strong jaws but no teeth

57
Q

Why are Marine turtles endangered?

A

habitat destruction, fishing nets, egg collection, egg and young predation, follow false lights, etc…

58
Q

device on fishing nets that help turtles escape

A

TED - Turtle Exclusion Device

59
Q

largest tortoise

A

Galapagos Tortoise

60
Q

Number of crocodile and alligator species

A

22

61
Q

Crocodile and alligators are ectotherms or warm-blooded

A

ectotherms

62
Q

Number of chambers in crocodile and alligator hearts

A

4

63
Q

Crocodile and alligator do this in winter

A

hibernate

64
Q

T/F Crocodiles and alligators give birth and leave

A

F, have nests for young

65
Q

Alligator have what over tympanum

A

nothing, no lobe

66
Q

Alligator mouth is _, eye lid is _, teeth are _, and tympanum are _ compared to crocodiles

A

round, smooth, even, not lobed

67
Q

Crocodile mouth is _, teeth have _, and tympanum are _ compared to alligators

A

pointed, significant overbite, lobed

68
Q

Deinosuchus size

A

40 ft

69
Q

Deinosuchus lived during this period

A

cretaceous, 145 - 66 mya

70
Q

Class Aves common term

A

Bird

71
Q

Ornithology definition

A

study of birds

72
Q

What are birds believed to be evolved from

A

reptiles, possible velociraptors

73
Q

oldest bird

A

Archaeopteryx

74
Q

When did Archaeopteryx show up

A

100 mya in Jurassic

75
Q

Phorusphacid

A

10-ft large meat-eating bird in South America that lived from 62 mya to 2 mya

76
Q

Tall Aves have the following famous characteristics

A

lay eggs, nests, feathers

77
Q

Like reptiles, bird fertilization is external or internal

A

internal

78
Q

sexual dimorphism definition

A

different appearance by gender

79
Q

T/F Aves tend to be dimorphic

A

T

80
Q

structures on Bird feather

A

shaft, barbs, barbules, vane, quill

81
Q

3 general types of Bird feathers

A

contour, down, flight

82
Q

Flight feather description

A

located on tail/wings, extend beyond the body

83
Q

Down feather description

A

used to trap body heat

84
Q

Contour feather description

A

comes against the body same form

85
Q

bird flight adaptations

A

feathers, small head and hollow bones, large breast muscles and sternum, blood cells with nucleus, endotherms for high metabolism, multiple lungs and large heart

86
Q

bird bones do not have marrow, how are blood cells replaced

A

blood cell mitosis

87
Q

Ratite definition

A

birds that do not fly

88
Q

Smallest bird

A

Hummingbird

89
Q

largest bird

A

Ostrich

90
Q

2 famous traits of class Mammalia organisms

A

milk glands and hair

91
Q

number of mammal reproductive processes

A

3

92
Q

Monotremes are mammals that have this characteristic

A

lay eggs

93
Q

Pouched Marsupials are mammals that have this characteristic

A

pouched

94
Q

Most mammals reproduce with fetuses developing

A

internally with placenta

95
Q

Duck-Billed Platypus is a mammal that is a _

A

monotreme

96
Q

Duck-Billed Platypus is a transition organism from _ to _

A

reptile to mammal

97
Q

Another egg-laying mammal besides Duckbilled Platypus

A

Spiny Anteater aka Echidna

98
Q

Marsupials common term

A

Pouched Mammals

99
Q

Where are most Marsupial species found

A

New Zealand and Australia

100
Q

Disadvantage of Marsupial young

A

premature birth, not efficiently developed

101
Q

Most of Marsupial young development happens in this location

A

pouch

102
Q

Why are Opossum so successful though marsupial

A

large litter

103
Q

Most successful mammal reproductive group

A

placentals

104
Q

Number of placental species

A

4,500

105
Q

why are placental mammals so successful

A

fetus develops quickly and large number of offspring

106
Q

Mammals are endothermic or ectothermic

A

endothermic

107
Q

What mammal glands emit oil

A

Sebaceous glands

108
Q

Why do mammals emit oil

A

skin and hair protection

109
Q

Why do mammals emit water from sweat glands

A

cool body

110
Q

Mammal teeth types

A

canine, incisors, molars, premolars

111
Q

Mammal brains are in general large or small

A

enlarged

112
Q

largest animal

A

Blue Whale

113
Q

T/F Mammals have generally few senses

A

F

114
Q

What may have led to mammals having big brains

A

processing information from senses

115
Q

Ungulate Order common term

A

hoofed mammals

116
Q

Ungulates tend to be carnivores or herbivores

A

herbivores

117
Q

Deer and Horses are examples of this order of mammals

A

Ungulates

118
Q

Carnivora Order characteristics

A

canine teeth and predators

119
Q

Cetaceans Order common term

A

marine mammals

120
Q

Where do Cetaceans live?

A

oceans

121
Q

Order Chiroptera common term

A

flying mammals

122
Q

What are Chiroptera wings made of

A

2 skin layers between fingers

123
Q

famous Chiroptera example

A

Bats

124
Q

Chiroptera Greek meaning

A

hand wing

125
Q

Rodent order characteristics

A

generally herbivores that gnaw with long incisors

126
Q

Squirrels and Beavers are examples of this order

A

Rodent

127
Q

Order Proboscidean common term

A

mammals with trunks

128
Q

This order is the largest mammals on land

A

Proboscideans

129
Q

Proboscideans tend to be herbivores or carnivores

A

herbivores

130
Q

Order Lagomorpha description

A

jump very well with strong hind legs, similar to rodents

131
Q

arboreal definition

A

living in trees

132
Q

Primates characteristics

A

large brain, opposable thumb, arboreal

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