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Step One R&M > Cardiac embryo > Flashcards

Cardiac embryo Flashcards

1
Q

Paradoxical emboli

A

ASD, patent foramen ovale

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2
Q

Formed by AP septum and endocardial cushions

A

Membranous part of ventricular septum

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2
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

Remnant of foramen ovale

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3
Q

Steps in atrial septation

A

Septum primum grows toward enodcardial cushions –> formamen primum closes –> formen secundum formed in septum primum –> septum secundum forms –> covers most of foramen secundum –> residual foramen is foramen ovale –> remaining portion of septum primum forms valve of foramen ovale –> spetum secundum and primum fuse to form atrial septum –> foramen ovale closes after birth

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3
Q

Congenital rubella

A

PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis, septal defects

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4
Q

Marfan

A

Aortic regurg, thoracic aortic dissection/aneurysm, MVP

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5
Q

Umbilical arteries

A

Medial umbilical ligament

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5
Q

Ligamentum teres hepatis

A

Remnant of umbilical vein (contained in falciform ligament)

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5
Q

Bicuspid aortic valve

A

Turner syndrome

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5
Q

Aortic regurg

A

Marfan

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6
Q

Atrial septum

A

Fusion of septum primum and septum secundum

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6
Q

VSD

A

FAS

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7
Q

Where does EPO take place in a neonate?

A

Bone marrow; liver stops producing at birth

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7
Q

Why does PGE2 decrease after birth, precipitating closure of the foramen ovale?

A

Placental separation

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7
Q

Down syndrome

A

ASD (ostium secundum)

VSD

AV valve defect (endocardial cushion defect)

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7
Q

Diabetic mom

A

Transposition of great vessels

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8
Q

Why does fetal hemoglobin have a much higher affinity for oxygen?

A

Less avid binding of 2,3-BPG

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9
Q

Rx to close PDA

A

Indomethacin (inhibits PG-mediated patency)

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10
Q

Preductal coarctation of aorta

A

Turner syndrome

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12
Q

Primitive atria

A

Trabeculated part of atria

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13
Q

Pulmonary artery stenosis, PDA, septal defects

A

Congenital rubella

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14
Q

Trabeculated part of ventricles

A

Primitive ventricles

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14
Q

Transposition of great vessels

A

Diabetic mom

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15
Q

Rx to keep patent forman ovale

A

PGE2

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16
Q

SVC

A

Right common cardinal vein and left anterior cardinal vein

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16
Q

Steps in ventricular septation

A

Muscular septum forms –> creates interventricular septum –> AP septum forms and creates membranous portion of interventricular septum –> endocardial cushions separate ventricles from atria and contribute to membranous part of interventricular foramen and atrial septum

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17
Q

Forms valves

A

Endocardial cushions

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19
Q

Right horn on sinus venosus

A

Smooth part of right atrium

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20
Q

Separates atria and ventricles

A

Endocardial cushion

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20
Q

Turner syndrome

A

Bicuspid aortic valve, preductal coarctation of aorta

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22
Q

Neural crest

A

Endocardial cushions

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23
Q

Fusion of septum primum and septum secundum

A

Atrial septum

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24
Q

MVP

A

Marfan

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26
Q

Smooth part of right atrium

A

Right horn of sinus venosus

27
Q

PDA

A

Congenital rubella

28
Q

Remnant of umbilical vein

A

Ligamentum teres hepatis (contained in falciform ligament)

29
Q

Bicuspid aortic valve, preductal coarctation of aorta

A

Turner syndrome

30
Q

Allantois

A

Median umbilical ligament/urachus

31
Q

Forms membranous part of ventricular septum

A

Formed by AP septum and endocardial cushions

31
Q
A

Urachal cysts form from allanotic duct between bladder and umbilicus

31
Q

5 congential anomalies causing cyanosis at birth

A
  1. Truncus arteriosus
  2. Transposition
  3. Tricuspid atresia
  4. Tetralogy of Fallot
  5. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
32
Q

Most common cause of PDA

A

Congenital rubella

34
Q

What forms the foramen ovale?

A

Septum secundum covering most of foramen secundum in septum primum

35
Q

Pulmonary artery stenosis

A

Congenital rubella

37
Q

What causes patent foramen ovale?

A

Failure of septum primum and secundum to fuse after birth

38
Q

When does infant switch from producing mostly fetal hemoglobin to mostly adult?

A

~6 weeks

39
Q

Medial umbilical ligament

A

Umbilical arteries

40
Q

When does infant hemoglobin proportions reach adult status?

A

10 months

40
Q

Two mediators of foramen ovale closure

A

Increased O2 and decreased prostaglandin E2

41
Q

Smooth (outflow) part of both ventricles

A

Bulbus cordis

42
Q

Smooth part of left atrium

A

Primitive pulmonary vein

43
Q

Where is the first place EPO takes place in fetus? When?

A

Yolk sac; 3 weeks

44
Q

Right common cardinal vein + left anterior cardinal vein

A

SVC

46
Q

Bulbus cordis

A

Smooth (outflow) part of both ventricles

47
Q

VSD most commonly associated with:

A

FAS

48
Q

Heart beats spontaneously by:

A

4th week

49
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus

A

22q11 syndromes

51
Q

Urachus

A

Part of allantoic duct between bladder and umbilicus

52
Q

EPO in liver

A

6 weeks-birth

53
Q

22q11 syndromes

A

Truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot

55
Q

Ebstein’s anomaly

A

Tricupsid valve leaflets displace toward apex of right ventricle while annulus is in same position

57
Q

Name the three fetal shunts

A

Forman ovale

Ductus venosus

Ductus arteriosus

58
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Left horn of sinus venosus

60
Q

EPO in yolk sac

A

3-8 weeks

61
Q

Formed by endocardial cushions

A

Septum between atria and ventricles, part of membranous interventricular septum, part of atrial septum

62
Q

Acyanotic or cyanotic at birth:

VSD

A

Acyanotic (left-to-right shunt)

64
Q

Primitive pulmonary vein

A

Smooth part of left atrium

65
Q

Notochord

A

Nucleus pulposus

67
Q

Fetal blood flow

A

Placenta –> umbilical vein –> ductus venosus –> IVC –> heart –> foramen ovale –> aorta

SVC –> RA –> RV –> pulmonary atery –> ductus arteriousus –> aorta

68
Q

Median umbilical ligament

A

Allantois

(Urachus is part of allantoic duct between bladder and umbilicus)

69
Q

MVP, aortic regurg, thoracic aortic dissection/aneurysm

A

Marfan

70
Q

Left horn of sinus venosus

A

Coronary sinus

72
Q

Primitive ventricles

A

Trabeculated part of ventricles

73
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

Notochord

74
Q

Thoracic aortic dissection/aneurysm

A

Marfan

76
Q

Where is the most common location of a VSD?

A

Membranous part of ventricular septum

77
Q

EPO in bone marrow

A

18 weeks to adult life

78
Q

ASD, VSD, endocardial cusion/AV valve defects

A

Down syndrome

79
Q

What keeps foramen ovale open?

A

PGE2

80
Q

Failure of septum primum and secundum to fuse after birth

A

Patent foramen ovale

81
Q

Trabeculated part of atria

A

Primitive atria

82
Q

EPO in spleen 10-28 weeks

A
83
Q

Forms septum between atria and ventricles, part of membranous interventricular septum, part of atrial septum

A

Endocardial cushions

Step One R&M (38 decks)

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