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Pharmacology > inhibit protein synthesis > Flashcards

inhibit protein synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

site of action for aminoglycosides

A

interfere with formation of the initiation complex from the 30s side, are only ones that are bacterialcidal

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2
Q

site of action of the tetracyclines

A

block attachment of tRNA to the acceptor site from the 30s side

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3
Q

site of action for dalfopristin/quinpristin

A

block attach of tRNA from the 50s side

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4
Q

site of action of the chloramphenecol

A

inhibits activity peptidyltransferase from the 50s side, which inhibits formation of peptide bonds

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5
Q

site of action of macrolides and clindamycin

A

work from 50s side, and they inhibit translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from acceptor site to donor site; they stop the “slide”

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6
Q

aminoglycosides special need

A

needs a O2-dep. pump to enter cell

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7
Q

aminoglycosides targets

A

gram - rods, streptomycin is for TB and DOC for bubonic plauge and tularemia

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8
Q

aminoglycosides examples

A

gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, paromomycin

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9
Q

major SE of aminoglycosides

A

nephrotox, ototox, NMJ blockade, contact dermatitis (topical neomycin)

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10
Q

Tetracyclines targets

A

broadspectrum and can work on atypical bacteria (chlamydia an mycoplasma), H. pylori, rickettsia, borrelia (lymes), brucella, vibrio, treponema

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11
Q

DOC for lymes and rickettsia

A

doxycycline

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12
Q

tetracycline drugs

A

doxycycline, minocycline, demeclocycline, methacycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline

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13
Q

special SE of demeclocycline

A

also can block ADH receptors, can be used in SIADH

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14
Q

tetracyclines can also work as

A

chelters for 2+ ions

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15
Q

SE of tetracyclines

A

tooth enamel dysplasia, and possible low bone growth in kids, CI in kids and pregnancy, phototoxiciity (dont go in sun), balance tox

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16
Q

tetracyclines work in bone?

A

NO

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17
Q

tetracylcine resistance

A

pumps to push tetracyclines out of bacterial cell

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18
Q

chloramphenicaol name is special why?

A

very lipid solubility due to ring shape

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19
Q

targets of choramphenical

A

enourmous broad range, mainly used for sepsis and meningitis, has great distrubution in CSF and tissue

20
Q

choramphenical SE

A

bone marrow suppression thus lmits use, causes gray baby syndome

21
Q

macrolides targets

A

very broad, gram + cocci, atypical organisms (chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma), legionella (DOC), campylobacter jejuni, MAC (the bird TB thing), H. pylorei

22
Q

macrolides name trick

A

thro, means macrolides

23
Q

only macrolide to not inhibit cytocchrome P450

A

azithromycin

24
Q

macrolides SE

A

stimulates motilin which is a good use for surgeons to help stim GI, reversible deafness,

25
Q

telithromycin target

A

macrolide resistant Strept. Pneumonia, also drug is a ketolide not a macrolide

26
Q

resistantce to macrolides

A

bacteria methylate their tRNA so that they cannot bind to it

27
Q

clindamycin

A

not a macrolide but same mechanism

28
Q

clindamycin targets

A

gram + (includes S. aureus), anaerobes like bacteriodies (aspiration pneumonia also), can go to bone for osteomyelitis (S. aureus)

29
Q

Quinolones and bone infection

A

can be used for the odd infections in sickel cell and diabetics due to infections are gram -

30
Q

SE of clindamycin

A

C. Diff induced pseudomembraneous colitis

31
Q

resistance to clindamycin

A

same as macrolides

32
Q

linezolid targets

A

VRSA, VRE, drug resistant pneumococci

33
Q

linezolid SE

A

bone marrow suppression mainly platelets

34
Q

dalfopristin/quinupristin targets

A

VRSA, VRE

35
Q

group that dalfopristin/quinupristin are part of

A

streptogramins

36
Q

Classes that stop formation of initiation complex

A

Linezolid(50s), aminoglycosides(30s)

37
Q

Amunoglycosides are the only class in this section that are

A

Bacterialcidal due to causing mis reads in the mRNA

38
Q

Classes that stop elongation of the translation

A

Tetracyclines (30s), dalfopristin/quinupriatin (50s)….A site

39
Q

Class that stop formation of peptide bond

A

Chloramphenicol (50s), inhibit activity of peptidyltransferase

40
Q

Class of drugs that inhibit translocation, stop the “slide”

A

Macrolides and clindamycin both work on 50s, inhibit translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from acceptor to donor site

41
Q

How aminoglycosides enter cells

A

Accumulated intracellularly via O2 dependent uptake thus CANNOT work on anaerobes

42
Q

Spectrum of aminoglycosides

A

Gram - rods mainly and gram + enterococcus

43
Q

Drugs in aminoglycosides

A

Amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, paromomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin

44
Q

Streptomycin is used also for

A

TB and is DOC for bubonic plague and tularemia

45
Q

Aminoglycosides SE

A

Nephrotoxicity, usually just 1 dose, ototoxocity, neuromuscular blockade(like botulism), contact dermatitis for neomycin

Pharmacology (16 decks)

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