202 - Digestive System I, b

Question 1

the epithelium in the stomach is continually being ______

Answer 1

renewed

Question 2

_____ _____ (3 L/day) is produced mainly by exocrine glands located in the body and funds of the stomach

Answer 2

gastric juice

Question 3

chief cells are also called _____ cells

Answer 3

peptic

Question 4

chief cells secrete _______, which converts to ____ with HCl.

Answer 4

pepsinogen, pepsin

Question 5

pepsin starts the breakdown of proteins, therefore is a ______ enzyme, a.k.a. a ______

Answer 5

proteolytic; protease

Question 6

parietal cells also called ______ cells

Answer 6

oxyntic

Question 7

parietal cells secrete ____ and ______ ____

Answer 7

HCl (hydrochloric acid) and intrinsic factor

Question 8

chief and parietal cells are _____; G-cells are ______

Answer 8

exocrine; endocrine

Question 9

intrinsic factor (secreted by parietal cells) binds free _______ __

Answer 9

Vitamin B12

Question 10

gastrectomized individuals require monthly injections of ______ __ to avoid developing pernicious anemia

Answer 10

Vitamin B12

Question 11

______ cells secrete viscid mucus, which coats the interior of the stomach with a thick layer

Answer 11

goblet

Question 12

the muscus secreted by goblet cells serves to ______ and _____

Answer 12

lubricate and protect

Question 13

________ cells secrete alkaline bicarbonate into the mucus layer in the stomach

Answer 13

epithelial

Question 14

helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that colonizes the ______ muscus of the stomach

Answer 14

alkaline

Question 15

the ___ cells secrete the hormone gastrin

Answer 15

G

Question 16

the ___ ______ absorbs the products of digestion of food, and has a minor role in digestion by its pancreatic juice

Answer 16

small intestine

Question 17

_______ _____ is central to digestion, because it contains nearly all the enzymes needed for digesting carbs, proteins, and fat

Answer 17

small intestine

Question 18

________ - a short, curved tube in the small intestine containing glands of Brunner that neutralize stomach acid

Answer 18

duodenum

Question 19

glands of Brunner secrete _______-activating factor

Answer 19

trypsinogen

Question 20

_______ - coiled tube in the small intestine, about 2/3 length of ileum

Answer 20

jejunum

Question 21

the _______ ____ provide a smooth texture to the small intestine and increase the surface area of it, increasing its effectiveness at absorption

Answer 21

intestinal villi

Question 22

intestinal villi are covered with a layer of simple columnar ______ interspersed with goblet cells

Answer 22

epithelium

Question 23

epithelial cells also called _______

Answer 23

enterocytes

Question 24

_____ on epithelial cells in small intestine form a brush border

Answer 24

microvilli

Question 25

brush border is involved in _______ of digestive food and is rich in digestive _____ that break down food

Answer 25

absorption; enzymes

Question 26

a nutrient ______ runs through the intestinal villi

Answer 26

arteriole

Question 27

______ - lymphatic channel in intestinal villi that gets, lymph becomes milky during fat digestion

Answer 27

lacteal

Question 28

the crypts of Lieberkuhn are ______ ____ that secrete fluid in the small intestine

Answer 28

intestinal glands

Question 29

defensins, lysozyme, and phospholipase A2 secreted by ______ cells

Answer 29

Paneth

Question 30

____ is a cofactor found in Paneth cells used for proteases in pancreatic juice

Answer 30

zinc

Question 31

cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin, Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) all _______ hormones of the small intestine

Answer 31

endocrine

Question 32

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) is mediated by ________

Answer 32

somatostatin

Question 33

intestinal epithelium is turned over every - days

Answer 33

3-5 (very fast)

Question 34

_____ ______ mainly absorbs fluid and salts (electrolytes)

Answer 34

Large itestines

Question 35

pathogens such as ____ can impair water reabsorption in the large intestine, causing diarrhoea

Answer 35

cholera

Question 36

caceum, colon, rectum, anal canal all regions of ______ _____

Answer 36

large intestine

Question 37

________ valve is a sphincter that controls one-way passage of contents of small intestine to large intestine (prevents backward flow)

Answer 37

ileocaecal

Question 38

internal and external ______ of the anus are involved in defecation

Answer 38

sphincters

Question 39

_______ mucus is the major secretion of the large intestine (protects against chemical and mechanical damage)

Answer 39

alkaline