202 - Renal System III, b

Question 1

lung cancer, bacterial pneumonia may caused TOO MUCH / TOO LITTLE ADH

Answer 1

too much

Question 2

“oat cell carcinomas release ADH that’s not regulated by . . .

Answer 2

osmotic pressure

Question 3

too little ADH - ______ _____ (hypothalamic)

Answer 3

diabetes insipidus

Question 4

antidiuretic hormone is also called

Answer 4

vasopressin

Question 5

vasopressin causes

Answer 5

increased water retention

Question 6

aldosterone causes

Answer 6

sodium absorption, potassium secretion

Question 7

atrial natriuretic factor causes

Answer 7

inhibition of sodium absorption

Question 8

parathyroid hormone causes

Answer 8

Ca absorption, Vit D to calcitriol

Question 9

calctriol stimulates calcium absorption where?

Answer 9

intestine

Question 10

hydrogen and potassium are secreted by the . . . convoluted tubule

Answer 10

distal

Question 11

water moves out of the collecting ducts because the interstitial fluid is ____tonic

Answer 11

hyper

Question 12

urine volume is considered hypertonic (low and concentrated) when its specific gravity is more than ____ (#)

Answer 12

1.030

Question 13

urine volume is considered hypertonic (high and dilute) when its specific gravity is more than ____ (#)

Answer 13

1.003

Question 14

events in the collecting duct of the ____ __ _____ determine how dilute urine is

Answer 14

loop of Henle

Question 15

fish and beavers have no . . . ; therefore, their urine is dilute

Answer 15

loop of Henle

Question 16

the thickness of the renal medulla, as compared to the renal cortex, INCREASES / DECREASES with length of loop of Henle, meaning . . .

Answer 16

increases; urine can be more concentrated

Question 17

[the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla is ___tonic to the plasma and to the fluid in the collecting duct

Answer 17

hyper

Question 18

____ contributes to the hypertonicity of the interstitial fluid in the renal medulla

Answer 18

urea

Question 19

vertical concentration gradient of salt and urea causes the walls of the collecting ducts to GAIN / LOSE water

Answer 19

lose water (becomes concentrated in urine)

Question 20

the more ADH (vasopressin) that is present, the GREATER / LOWER the urine volume will be

Answer 20

greater

Question 21

the blood vessels of the ____ _____ travel up and back, losing water and regaining it, allowing normal blood supply without losing water

Answer 21

vasa recta

Question 22

the vasa recta has a similar structure to the . . .

Answer 22

loop of Henle

Question 23

sufferers of . . . lose too much water from the blood of the vasa recta (which supplies blood to kidneys)

Answer 23

sickle cell anemia

Question 24

vasa recta are . . . as opposed to the peritubular capillaries of the renal cortex

Answer 24

straight (peritubular are convoluted)

Question 25

blood flows through the vasa recta QUICKLY / SLOWLY, without disturbing or dissipating the vertical osmotic gradient

Answer 25

SLOWLY

Question 26

constituents of plasma and urine:

- present in urine but not in plasma

Answer 26

ammonium ions

Question 27

constituents of plasma and urine:

- present in plasma but not in urine

Answer 27

glucose, bicarbonate, proteins / amino acids