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Anatomy > 202 - Renal System III, a > Flashcards

202 - Renal System III, a Flashcards

1
Q

the slits between the foot processes contain a structure called the ____ _________

A

slit diaphragm

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2
Q

presence of albumin in the urine is called _________

A

albuminuria

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3
Q

________ is due to a change in the properties of the slit diaphragm, indicated by albuminuria

A

nephritis

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4
Q

________ - make up inner wall of Bowman’s capsule

A

podocytes

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5
Q

Bowman’s capsule + glomerulus = . . .

A

“renal corpuscle”

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6
Q

the ultra filtrate / plasma ratio in serum albumin is HIGH / LOW

A

low (0.01)

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7
Q

the most the primary driving force in the glomerulus is . . .

A

blood pressure

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8
Q

the ______ pressure of blood drives fluid BACK INTO / OUT OF the capillary

A

osmotic; back into

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9
Q

list as forces driving fluid out or into capillary:

  • blood pressure
  • hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s capsule
  • blood osmotic pressure due to proteins
A

OUT - blood pressure
IN - hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s capsule
IN - blood osmotic pressure due to proteins

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10
Q

renal blood flow, diameter of afferent and efferent arterioles all affect . . .

A

glomerular filtration rate

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11
Q

. . . is the theoretical volume of plasma that is completely cleared of a substance per minute

A

plasma clearance

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12
Q

INCREASED renal blood flow = INCREASED / DECREASED glomerular filtration rate

A

increased

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13
Q

constriction of afferent arterioles = INCREASED / DECREASED glomerular filtration rate

A

decreased

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14
Q

constriction of efferent arterioles = INCREASED / DECREASED glomerular filtration rate

A

either, depends on degree

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15
Q

_____ may be used to determine plasma clearance, why?

A

inulin; all of it passes into urine so allows direct calculation

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16
Q

___________ - the constancy of glomerular filtration rate under normal conditions

A

autoregulation

17
Q

the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs __% of water, Na, Cl, K that passes it

A

65

18
Q

the ______ _______ tubule is lined with cuboidal epithelium with a prominent brush border

A

proximal convoluted

19
Q

renal excretion is __% by urine, __% be feces

A

10% urine, 90% feces

20
Q

Very little of the ______ and ________ in the body are excreted by the body via the urine

A

calcium and magnesium

21
Q

Na is pushed out of the ultra filtrate to the blood by an ____-driven pump, called a ____

A

ATP; leak

22
Q

Sort for pumping into or out of ultra filtrate to blood:

  • amino acid
  • glucose
  • hydrogen
A
  • amino acid - out of ultra filtrate to blood
  • glucose - out of ultra filtrate to blood
  • hydrogen - from blood into ultrafiltrate
23
Q

sodium acts as a ___porter for amino acid and glucose; an ____porter for H+

A

symporter; antiporter

24
Q

water passes through pores composed of _______ __ as it leaves the ultra filtrate to go to the blood

A

aquaporin 1

25
Q

bile salts, prostaglandins, creatine, dopamine, epinephrine, penicillin, aspirin, morphine all secreted by . . .

A

proximal convoluted tubule

26
Q

fluid entering the loop of Henle of ___tonic; fluid leaving is ____tonic

A

isotonic (enter) - osmolarity = solute conc

hypotonic (leave) - osmolarity > solute conc

27
Q

in the descending limb of Henle’s loop, water moves out (but no salt), making it ____tonic

A

hyper (osmolarity < solute conc)

28
Q

in the ascending limb of Henle’s loop, salts move out, making it ____tonic

A

hypo (osmolarity > solute conc)

29
Q

most of the hormonal control of excretion takes place in the . . . . tubule

A

distal convoluted

30
Q

____tonic fluid enters the distal convoluted tubule from Henle’s loop

A

hypo

31
Q

in the proximal convoluted tubule, water and sodium reabsorption are COUPLED / UNCOUPLED

in the distal convoluted tubule, water and sodium reabsorption are COUPLED / UNCOUPLED

A 
prox = coupled
distal = uncoupled
32
Q

water permeability of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct is regulated by ________ hormone

A

antidiuretic

33
Q

antidiuretic hormone regulates water passage across the collecting duct via aquaporin __ and across the basal and lateral surfaces via aquaporin __

A

2 and 3

34
Q

aquaporin 1, 2, 3 locations

A

1 - proximal conv. tubule
2 - distal conv. tubule (apical surface, enter)
3 - distal conv. tubule (basal and lateral, exit)

35
Q

________ ________ - the kidneys cannot concentrate urine and patients easily become dehydrated, caused by mutation of aquaporin __

A

nephrogenic diabetes; 2

36
Q

antidiuretic hormone secretion is stimulated by . . .

A

rise in osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid

Anatomy (20 decks)

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