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Biology > Biology CH 2: part 2 > Flashcards

Biology CH 2: part 2 Flashcards

Cell theory and Bacteria

0
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

____the basic units of living organisms. Two categories of cells _______, and _______

A

Cells; eubacteria, prokaryotic

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1
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Cell theory

A

1.all known living things are made up of one or more cells.2. The cell is the basis if structural and functional unit of all living things.3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division.

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2
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Bacteria = _______

A

Prokaryotic

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3
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Prokaryotic characteristics

A

No membrane bound organelles, no nucleus, smallest type of a cell, least complex, unicellular, can’t be seen under a microscope

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4
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Eukaryotes characteristics

A

Areas are seperated by membranes, specialized organelles with functions.

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5
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Characteristics of bacteria

A

Prokaryotic, micro-microscopic, unicellular, no membrane bound organelles, contain DNA, reproduce asexually (binary fission) (cloning) found EVERYWHERE

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6
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Archaebacteria characteristics

A

Most ancient of all organisms, live in extreme environments, cell walls lack peptidoglycan (protein coat+sugar)

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7
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Groups of archaebacteria

A

Thermoacidophiles, halophiles, methanogens

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8
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Thermoacidophiles characteristics

A

Hot acidic habitats,enzymes still work in high temps.

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9
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Halophiles characteristics

A

Salty habitats ( the dead sea, the great salt lake)

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10
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Methanogens characteristics

A

Chemotrophs, anaerobic, produce methane ( sewage disposal plants, marshes, digestive tract of cow.

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11
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Eubacteria characteristics

A

Cause human disease, very diverse

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12
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

3 major groups defined by

A

Their cell wall

Mycoplasma, gram positive, gram negative

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13
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Characteristics of mycoplasma

A

Lack of cell wall, some cause diseases and are resistant to penicillin, antibiotics are useless because they target the cell wall.

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14
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Gram positive characteristics

A

Thick peptidoglycan walls, some are sources of antibiotics and some are used in food production. ( yogurt)

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15
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Gram negative

A 
Lighter color (pink) because they have thin peptidoglycan walls
Responsible for O2 in air.
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16
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Heterotrophs

A

Eubacteria that live almost anywhere and use organic molecules as their food source . Parasites obtain n from living org. Saprophytes feed off dead/organic waste.

17
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Photosynthesis autotrophs

A

Eubacteria live in sunlit places so the organic molecules can make food. Cyanobacteria (blue green)

18
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Chemo synthetic autotrophs

A

organic molecules make food, get energy from inorganic compounds( sulfur and nitrogen) through chemosynthesis

19
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Three common shapes of bacteria…

A

Rods (bacilli), spheres(cocci), spirals (spirilla)

20
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

______ ________ a process in which bacteria reproduce asexually.

A

Binary fission

21
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

________ form of sexual reproduction. Bridge like structure called polis transfers chromosomes to other cells.

A

Conjugation

22
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Binary fission or conjugation

- bacterium with new genetic makeup is produced.

A

Conjugation

23
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Binary fission or conjugation

-Circular chromosome is copied

A

Binary fission and conjugation

24
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Binary fission or conjugation

-genetic material is transferred through a pilus

A

Conjugation

25
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Binary fission or conjugation

-Two identical cells are produced

A

Binary fission

26
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Binary fission or conjugation

-Sexual reproduction occurs

A

Neither

27
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Scientist think the first bacteria on earth were …

  • aerobic
  • anaerobic
  • fatal
  • oxygen-dependent
A

Anaerobic

28
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Bacteria that are obligate anaerobes release energy from food by…

  • cellular respiration -using oxygen
  • using nitrogen. - fermentation
A

Cellular respiration

29
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

As an endospore, a bacterium…

  • produces toxins
  • dries out
  • causes diseases
  • is protected
A

Is protected

30
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Botulism is caused by endospores of c.botulism that have

  • been killed
  • produced toxins
  • germinated
  • reproduced
A

Produced toxins

31
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Nitrogen is important to all organisms to produce …

A

Proteins, ATP, DNA

32
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Bacteria are not used to make

  • vinegar
  • jams
  • cheese
  • yogurt
A

Jams

33
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Aerobes

A

Require oxygen

34
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Anaerobes

A

Killed by oxygen

35
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

An____ is a tiny structure that contains a bacteriums DNA and a small amount of its cytoplasm, encased by a rough outer cover that resists drying out, temp extremes, and hatch chemicals.

A

Endospores

36
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Similarities between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

1) Enclosed by plasma membranes.
2) Contain ribosomes.
3) Have DNA.
4) Filled with cytoplasm.

37
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A
  1. ) size ( prokaryote smaller)
  2. ) organelles (p=no, e= yes)
  3. ) nucleus (p=no, e= yes)
38
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Examples of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Bacteria,?

39
Q

Cell theory and Bacteria

Eubacteria and archae similarities

A

Both prokaryotic, get nutrition through wastes.

Biology (14 decks)

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