22 Blood: General Characteristics and Function

Question 1

study of blood, blood-forming tissues, and blood disorders

Answer 1

Hematology

Question 2

What is the connective tissue consisting of materials suspended in a nonliving liquid matrix called plasma

Answer 2

Blood

Question 3

3 main functions of blood

Answer 3

transportation

regulation

protection

Question 4

The cells of the blood are

Answer 4

1. erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs)
2. leukocytes or white blood cells (WBCs)
3. platelets or thrombocytes.

Question 5

-is the liquid component of blood

-it is where the cells and colloids are suspended in, and other transported substances are dissolved

-the noncellular, liquid part of the hematocrit

-a complex fluid that provides the medium of exchange between the blood vessels and the cells of the body

-it’s major constituent is water (92% to 94%)

Answer 5

Plasma

Question 6

The percentage of a blood sample that is erythrocytes is called the ___

Answer 6

hematocrit

Question 7

*blood sample is centrifuged

The platelets that occupy the middle portion is also known as

Answer 7

buffy coat

Question 8

-An abnormally high hematocrit

-indicates that there are too many erythrocytes per milliliter of blood

-can also be an indication of dehydration since the decreased fluid volume will also result in an increased number of erythrocytes per milliliter of blood

Answer 8

polycythemia

Question 9

-a low hematocrit

-low level of hemoglobin in the blood

-can result in an increased cardiac output (CO) as the animal attempts to deliver adequate oxygen to the tissues

Answer 9

anemia

Question 10

five types of WBC

Answer 10

neutrophils

lymphocytes

monocytes

eosinophils

basophils

Question 11

Granulocytes include

Answer 11

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Question 12

Agranulocytes include

Answer 12

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 13

what are the formed elements of blood in mammals

Answer 13

erythrocytes (RBCs)

leukocytes (WBCs)

platelets

Question 14

what are the formed elements of blood in birds

Answer 14

erythrocytes

leukocytes

thrombocytes

Question 15

Avian granulocytes include

Answer 15

eosinophils, basophils, and heterophils

Question 16

what are the three major classes of plasma proteins

Answer 16

albumin

globulins (α1, α2, β1, β2, and γ)

fibrinogen

Question 17

the five major isotopes of immunoglobulins are classified as

Answer 17

IgG

IgE

IgA

IgM

IgD

Question 18

which is the most abundant immunoglobulin of normal animals

Answer 18

IgG

Question 19

Other components of plasma include:

Answer 19

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen, lipids, nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), Inorganic substances

Question 20

-The red color of blood

-contained within the erythrocytes

Answer 20

hemoglobin

Question 21

The color of plasma is ordinarily ____

Answer 21

light yellow

Question 22

it is the a degradation product of hemoglobin

Answer 22

bilirubin

Question 23

what is the pH of blood

Answer 23

7.4 pH