Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Reproduction > 2.2 Reproductive Hormones > Flashcards

2.2 Reproductive Hormones Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Reproductive Hormones: Hypothalamus

A

secretes​ Gonadotrophin​-releasing hormone (GnRH)

**critical for control of reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Reproductive Hormones: Pineal Gland

A

Secretes melatonin

**seasonal reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Reproductive Hormones: Anterior Pituitary

A

Secretes:
- Luteinising hormone LH
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Reproductive Hormones: Posterior Pituitary

A

Secretes Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Reproductive Hormones: Gonads

A

Secretes
- estrogens and progesterone
- testosterone
- 2 peptide hormones: inhibin and activin
- prostaglandins: produced and act locally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hormonal control of reproduction:

A
  1. Hypothalamus​: GnRh
  2. Anterior pituitary​ : LH and FSH
  3. Gonads: Steroids - estrogens, progesterone, and testosterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do these hormones interact with each other?

A
  • Starting with the hypothalamus: GnRh is released acting on the anterior pituitary release
  • Anterior pituitary releases LH and FSH which act on the Gonads

Gonads:
- male hormone produced = testosterone
- Female hormone produced = estrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the male hormone:

A
  • Accepts negative feedback from Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
  • As testosterone levels rise, we have reduced generated secretion from the hypothalamus and GnRH by the anterior pituitary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the female hormone:

A
  • mainly production of estrogen and progesterone by the gonads and inhibin
  • both accept negative feedback on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

**Oestradiol can accept both negative and positive feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In the female hormone: when progesterone levels rise

A

The levels of GnRH drop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In the female hormone: When estrogen levels rise at moderate levels of oestradiol

A

we have negative regulations​ of these upstream hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In the female hormone: When estradiol levels reach their peak

A

surge in the ​secretion of LH and generate
**Important during female ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GnRH:

A
  • peptide hormone consisting of 10 amino acids
  • synthesized in the hypothalamus
  • derived from the post-translation modification of precursor molecule
  • binds to GnRH​ receptor (GPCR) on gonadotroph cells in anterior pituitary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is GnRh secreted?

A

pulsating manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the half life of GnRH in ewes?

A

around 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

GnRH generated in pulsating manner =

A

elevate levels of LH and FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

GnRH generated continuously =

A

dropped levels of LH and FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pulsating actions of GnRH:

A
  • GnRH bonds to Gonadotroph cells in the anterior pituitary
  • This stimulates FSH and LH by the gonadotroph cells
  • These act on the ovaries and testis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gondortrophon hormone class =

A

glycoproteins: composed of 2 non-identical subunits (alpha and Beta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gondortrophen: biological specify is conferred by which subunit?

A

Beta Subunit - important for its function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gondortrophen: Alpha subunit is common in?

22
Q

LH:

Study These Flashcards
A
  • glycoprotein composed of alpha and beta subunits
  • half-life around 30 min
  • secretion is pulsatile: frequency is different during different stages of oestrous cycle
  • can have both​ frequency and amplitude modulation
23
Q

LH secretion is regulated by?

Study These Flashcards
A

GnRH and gonadal steroids

24
Q

Function of LH: male

Study These Flashcards
A

male: stimulates the secretion of testosterone by the testis (Leydig cells)

25
Function of LH: Female
Female: - In the ovaries works with FSH to stimulate oestradiol synthesis and ovulation - stimulates the formation of the ​corpus luteum and progesterone secretion
26
FSH:
- Glycoprotein composed of alpha and beta subunits - Has a half-life of 3-4hrs - used in the stimulation of folliculr development to induce multiple ovulation for embryo transfer
27
FSH release is controlled by?
-GnRH -Steroids -Inhibin​/activin
28
FSH function: Male
Male: stimulates sperm production by the testes and the formation of oestradiol (Sertoli cells)
29
FSH function: Female
Female: in the ovaries stimulates growth and maturation of the follicle, ova production and secretion of oestradiol (granulosa cells)
30
3 main groups of Gonadal steroid:
- Progetins (progesterone - Oestrogens (oestradiol) - Androgens (testosterone)
31
Where are gonadal steroids derived from?
Cholesterol​
32
How many carbon atoms does progesterone have?
21
33
How many carbon atoms does androgens have?
19
34
How many carbon atoms does estrogens have?
18
35
Hormones of the testes:
synthesis of hormones: - synthesis hormones: androgens, mainly testosterone - Peptide hormones: inhibin, activin
36
Where is the principal site of androgen production?
Leydig cells within the testis
37
4 types of androgens:
1. 5a-dihydrotesterone 2. testosterone 3. androstenedione 4. dehydroepiandrosterone
38
Androgen functions:
- induce and maintain the differentiation of male somatic tissues - induce secondary sex characteristics of males (deep voice, body hair, penile growth) and body hair of females - promote protein anabolism and somatic growth - support spermatogenisis - influence sexual and aggressive behavior - regulate the secretion of gonadotrophins
39
Ovarian hormones:
- oogenesis: production of gametes - synthesis of hormones *Prior to ovulation both functions occur in a​ single structure, a ​follicle
40
ovarian hormone: steroid hormones
oestrdiol and progesterone
41
ovarian hormone: peptide hormone
inhibin
42
3 main types of estrogen hormones:
1. oestradiol 2. oestriol 3. oesterone
43
Estrogen functions:
-stimulate growth and activity of mammary gland and endometrium - prepare the uterus for spermatozoal transport - prepare the endometrium for progestogen - increase vascular permeability and tissue oedema - regulate the ​secretion of gonadotrophins - associated with sexual behavior -stimulate secondary sex characteristics of females - required for normal processes in the heart, muscles, bone, brain, and liver
44
What 3 hormones make up progestogens?
1. 17a-hydroxyprogesterone 2. 20a- hydroxyprogesterone 3. progesterone
45
Progesterone functions:
- regulate gonadotrophin secretion (-ve feedback - prepare the uterus to receive conceptus -depress uterine activity during pregnancy -stimulate the growth of mammary glands, but suppress the ​secretion of milk - promote the ​formation of non-penetrable cervical mucous - neuroprotective effects on CNS
46
___ and ___ belong to the transforming growth factor Beta superfamily
inhibin and activin
47
inhibin:
- heterodimeric protein hormone secreted by granulosa cells of the ovary in females and Sertoli cells of the testis in males - downregulates FSH synthesis and​ inhibits FSH secretion
48
Activin:
- is produced in the gonads, pituitary gland, plaenta, and other organs - in the ovarian follicle, activin increases FSH binding and FSH induced aromatization - participates in androgen synthesis enhancing LH action in the ovary and testis - in the male, activin enhances spermatogenesis
49
Prostaglandins are derived from?
archidonic acid
50
Prostaglandins:
- Formed in most tissues of the body - Type of PG varies on type of downstream enzyme present - Short half-life = 10 mins near site of synthesis - found in seminal vesicles - promote sperm motility
51
What blocks prostaglandin synthesis?
NSAIDs
52
Where are PGs produced?
uterus​: role in embryo implantation fetal membranes: role in parturition

Reproduction (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions