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Reproduction > 3.1 Pregnancy and Placentation Pt 1. Formation > Flashcards

3.1 Pregnancy and Placentation Pt 1. Formation Flashcards

1
Q

Key requirements of fetus during development:

A

physical protection, blood supply & protection from mother’s IS

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2
Q

Placenta:

A

formed by the apposition of maternal & fetal tissue for the purposes of physiological exchange

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3
Q

How is the placenta connected to​t the body of embryo?

A

via chorionic villus (vascular supply - the functional unit of the placenta

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4
Q

what are the 4 types of fetal membranes?

A
  1. Chorion
  2. yolk sac
  3. amnion
  4. allantois
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5
Q

Fetal membranes, like the embryo are derived from?

A

zygote, genetically = half maternal & half paternal

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6
Q

Development of the Fetal Membranes involves

A

ICM and trophectoderm

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7
Q

Blastocyst =

A

ICM with trophoblasts around outside.

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8
Q

ICM: primitive​ endoderm becomes

A

yolk sac

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9
Q

ICM: mesoderm becomes

A

amniotic cavity

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10
Q

Chorion is composed of?

A

composed of trophoblasts & one layer of mesoderm.

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11
Q

Allantois:

A

outpouching from the embryo’s primitive gut makes its way towards the chorion & eventually fuses with it and becomes (allantochorion).

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12
Q

Choriovitelline placenta:

A

yolk sac makes contact with uterine wall & is the main site of exchange- v. primitive
- seen in marsupials & non-mammals. Can be seen in some domestic species but only transitory

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13
Q

Chorioallantoic placenta:

A

main point of exchange & development of chorionic villus is via the allantochorion

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14
Q

What type of fetal membrane do the horse, dog, cat, and rodent have?

A

Begins as Choriovitelline and eventually becomes chorioallantoic

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15
Q

What type of fetal membrane do the ruminants, pigs, and humans have?

A

Chorioallantoic

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16
Q

type of villous​: horse

A

diffuse

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17
Q

type of villous: ruminats

A

cotyledonary

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18
Q

type of villous: pig

A

diffuse

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19
Q

type of villous: cat and dog

A

zonary

20
Q

type of villous: human and rodent

A

discoid

21
Q

implantation: horse

A

Centric
(superficial)

22
Q

implantation: ruminat

A

Centric
(superficial)

23
Q

implantation: pig

A

Centric
(superficial)

24
Q

implantation: dog and cat

A

Eccentric

25
Q

implantation: human

A

Interstitial (invasive)

26
Q

implantation: rodent

A

Eccentric

27
Q

Cell layers between
maternal & fetal
blood supply: horse, ruminant, pig

A

Epitheliochorial (6
layers)

28
Q

Cell layers between
maternal & fetal
blood supply: dog and cat

A

Endotheliochorial
(4 layers)

29
Q

Cell layers between
maternal & fetal
blood supply: human and rodent

A

Haemochorial
(2-3 layers)

30
Q

Interdigitation at
attachment points: Villous

A

horse, ruminant​, human, and rodent

31
Q

Interdigitation at
attachment points: folded

A

pig

32
Q

Interdigitation at
attachment points: cat and dog

A

lamellar

33
Q

Pig blastocyst expansion:

A

elongation of the blastocyst, which goes on to form the diffuse epitheliochorial placenta of the pig.
- The tips of the chorioallantois=
avascular & become necrotic.

  • expands with fluid uptake which ensures it makes diffuse contact
    with the uterine wall
34
Q

Areolae:

A

regions specialised for histotrophic secretion
- formed by chorioallantoic membrane

35
Q

equine placenta:
- Day 21
- Day 24
- Day 50

A
36
Q

Endometrial cups in the mare are derived from what structure?

A

choroinic girdle​

37
Q

Chorionic girdle:

A

band of trophoblast cells on the ​placenta- highly invasive-
detach & migrate down endometrial gland & implant deeply into uterus

forms the endometrial cups which produce eCG

38
Q

Placentome =

A

fetal cotyledon + maternal caruncle

39
Q

Sheep caruncle:

A

concave & has specialized​ haemophagous
region to facilitate iron uptake

40
Q

bovine caruncle:

A

convex

41
Q

Carnivores: lamellar

A

sheets of interlocking fetal & maternal tissues
- ↑ SA for exchange

42
Q

carnivores: Zonary placenta

A

the band is where the chorionic villus are:
- transfer zone is where most of the nutrient exchange is going on.
- Pigmented zones are specialised to pick up iron (hence black colour)

43
Q

Which fetal membrane is closest (wraps around) the embryo proper/fetus?

A

amnion

44
Q

Which fetal membrane is closest (wraps around) the embryo proper/fetus?

A

amnion

45
Q

What is the name of the embryonic structure that enters the uterus around 4-6 days after ovulation?

A

morula

46
Q

What fetal membrane(s) is most important in nutrient exchange in the ewe?

A

Chorioallantois

47
Q

The ovary continues to ovulate gametes in pregnancy.

A

false

Reproduction (15 decks)

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