neuro7

Question 1

vertigo

Answer 1

illusion r hallucination of movement that is usually rotatory but can be linear

Question 2

dysequilibrium

Answer 2

feeling of imbalance or unsteadiness that is usually referable to the legs rather than to a feeling inside the head

Question 3

cause of vertigo

Answer 3

caused by an acute asymm or imbalance of neural activity between the left and right vestibular systems; NOT from symmetric bilat loss of vestibular function or from slow unilat loss

Question 4

vertigo with tinnitus and hearing loss

Answer 4

peripheral cause

Question 5

vertigo with diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, or other brainstem sx

Answer 5

central process

Question 6

vestibular neuronitis

Answer 6

acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy; not actually inflamm; acite onset of vertigo, nausea, and vomiting; nystagmus is unilateral and may be supp by fixation

Question 7

labrynthe concussion

Answer 7

may result from head injury ; vertigo sometimes accompanied by hearing loss and tinitus

Question 8

infarction of the labrynthe, brainstem, or cerebellum

Answer 8

can cause vertigo

Question 9

blood supply to the ventral and peripheral vestibular apparatus and the cerebellum

Answer 9

vertebrebasilar system (post and ant inferior cerebellar arteries and the superior cerebellar artery)

Question 10

blood supply to the inner ear

Answer 10

internal auditory artery, a branch of the anteroinferior cerebellar artery

Question 11

infarction of the inner ear presents how?

Answer 11

sudden onset of deafness, vertigo, or both

Question 12

number one cause of suspected acute vestibular neuronitis

Answer 12

brainstem or cerebellar stroke; causses central-type nystagmus

Question 13

Meniere disease

Answer 13

intermittent incr in endolymphatic volume;episodic vertgo with n/v; fluctuating but progressive hearing loss; tinnitus; and a sensation of fullness or pressure in the ear

Question 14

perilymph fistula

Answer 14

results from disruption of the lining of the endolymphatic system

Question 15

patient hears a sudden pop and then onset of vertigo

Answer 15

perilymph fistula

Question 16

benign positional paroxysmal vertigo

Answer 16

episodes of vertigo are precipitated by changes in position; results from freely moving crystals of calcium carbonate in one of the semicirc canals that keep activating the nerve

Question 17

diagnosis of BPVV

Answer 17

Dix-Hallpike test; the offending ear is toward the ground when vertigo occurs;

Question 18

how to remove the crystals from the posterior circ canal in BPVV

Answer 18

a positioning (Epley) maneuver

Question 19

syncope

Answer 19

transient loss of consciousness and postural tone that results from brain hypoperfusion

Question 20

presyncope

Answer 20

patients experience the prodrome of syncope without losing consciousness

Question 21

neurogenic syncope

Answer 21

sudden change in activity of the ANS ; excessive afferent discharge from arterial or visceral mechanoreceptors via the vagus nerve leads to cardioinhib and vasodepression, resulting in hypotension nad bradycardia

Question 22

micturition syncope

Answer 22

triggered by rapid emptying of a distended bladder

Question 23

carotid sinus hypersensitivity

Answer 23

compression of the carotid sinus leads to syncope

Question 24

neurocardiogenic syncope

Answer 24

vigorous contraction of an underfilled ventricle is the trigger

Question 25

vasovagal syncope

Answer 25

strong emotions or acute pain leads to syncope

Question 26

failure to release norepi on standing

Answer 26

autonomic failure causing syncope (or orthostatic hypotension if less severe)

Question 27

nystagmus assoc with BPVV

Answer 27

fast component is mixed vertical and torsional