neuro 17

Question 1

cause of epidural hematoma

Answer 1

severe head injury with a temporal bone fracture and resultng laceration go the middle meningeal artery (less commonly laceration of middle meningeal vein or a dural venous sinus)

Question 2

classic presentation of epidural hematoma

Answer 2

lucid interval, followed by rapid decline in consciousness as hematoma enlarges

Question 3

complication of epidural hematoma

Answer 3

brain herniation

Question 4

characteristic CT for epidural hematoma

Answer 4

lens shaped hyperdense region between the skull and the dura mater

Question 5

cause of subdural hematoma

Answer 5

tearing of bridging veins that connect the surface of the brain to the dural sinuses

Question 6

symptoms of subdural hematoma

Answer 6

headache is most common; contalateral hemiparesis, seizures, and cortical dysfunction

Question 7

CT for subdural hematoma

Answer 7

crescent-shaped hyperdensity overlying the brain surface and underlying the skull

Question 8

how to distinguish epidural from subdural hematoma on CT

Answer 8

subdural crosses suture lines, whereas epidural does not

Question 9

central (transtentorial) herniation

Answer 9

decreae in alertness, shortly followed by small reactive pupils due to disruption of sympathetic pway from the hypothal

Question 10

what happens as central herniation proceeds

Answer 10

decorticate posturing, hten midbrain compression with fixed midposiiton pupils and decerebrate posturing; then death

Question 11

what causes uncal herniation

Answer 11

expnsion of a mass lterally in the brain which leads to a medial shift of the uncus of the temporal lobe

Question 12

first clinical deficit in uncal herniateion

Answer 12

ipsilateral third nerve palsy, accompanied or shortly followed by an impairment of consciousness