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Biology > Animals > Flashcards

Animals Flashcards

1
Q

animals

A

heterotrophic, eukaryotes, tissues from embryonic layers (muscle and nerve - think and move on our own)

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2
Q

reproduction

A

most sexually, diploid stage dominates

  • zygote
  • eight-cell stage
  • blastula (hollow ball of cells)
  • gastrulation (ball indents)
  • gastrula
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3
Q

Gastrula and gastrulation

A

last stage of embryo before differentiation

  • blastopore/protostome (indentation)
  • archenteron (digestive tract)
  • 3 germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
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4
Q

cleavage

A

series of mitotic divisions without cell growth between the divisions, begins immediately after fertilization

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5
Q

larval stage

A

not yet adult, sexually immature, have to go through metamorphosis, different food sources and habitats

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6
Q

metamorphosis

A

developmental transformation from juvenile to adult (tadpole to frog- no legs or lungs and live in water), (caterpillar to butterfly- eats leaves then nectar)

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7
Q

ediacaran biota

A

550 million years ago, animals were extinct

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8
Q

cambrian explosion

A

535-525 million years ago, many phyla represented, flood

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9
Q

sponges

A

precursor to animals, collar cell- cilia and flagellum push water out of sponge and get food

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10
Q

animals can be characterized by

A

body plans

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11
Q

symmetry

A

mirror image on both sides of animal

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12
Q

radial symmetry

A

no matter where you cut it, it will always be cut in half (starfish)

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13
Q

bilateral symmetry

A

only one way to divide an animal into two halves

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14
Q

dorsal

A

back or upper surface

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15
Q

ventral

A

lower or front surface

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16
Q

anterior

A

towards the front (head)

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17
Q

posterior

A

towards the back end

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18
Q

cephalization

A

forming of head with concentration of sensory organs

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19
Q

median

A

middle

20
Q

lateral

A

side

21
Q

caudal

A

tail

22
Q

endoderm

A

innermost, has archenteron, develops into digestive tract, liver, lungs, and bladder

23
Q

mesoderm

A

all circulatory (blood, bones, muscles), kidney, repro organs

24
Q

ectoderm

A

outermost, skin, scales, shell, exoskeleton, sometimes nervous system

25
Q

diploblastic

A

endoderm and ectoderm only, jellyfish and coral

26
Q

triploblastic

A

three germ layers

27
Q

coelom

A

hollow body cavity, either fluid or air filled space between digestive tract and outer body wall

28
Q

coelomates

A

true body cavity, normal, mesoderm on both sides of coelom

29
Q

pseudocoelomates

A

fake, surrounded by mesoderm and endoderm, round worm

30
Q

acoelmates

A

no coelom, flat worm

31
Q

protostome development

A

mouth, molluscs and annelids

32
Q

spiral cleavage

A

refers to arrangement of cells in 8 cell-stage, don’t line up

33
Q

determinate cleavage

A

already determined which types of cells they are going to be (cannot remove one and grow new embryo)

34
Q

in protostomes, coelom forms…

A

split mesoderm which means coelomate

35
Q

archenteron

A

developing digestive tract

36
Q

deuterostome development

A

second mouth, anus, echinoderms and chordates

37
Q

radial cleavage

A

cells are aligned (8-cell stage), radial pattern

38
Q

indeterminate cleavage

A

stem cells (remove one and it will still grow into a new embryo)

39
Q

in deuterostomes, coelom forms…

A

folds of the archenteron

40
Q

in deuterostomes, mouth is derived from

A

a second opening opposite the blastopore

41
Q

invertebrates

A

lack a backbone

42
Q

vertebrates

A

true backbone

43
Q

fungus

A

stationary, grow on forest floor, do not photosynthesize, cell wall (chiton), heterotrophic (absorption- have hyphae which grow on what they eat, release digestive enzymes and then use hyphae to absorb food)

44
Q

ecological roles of fungus

A

decomposers, symbiotic relationships (mycorrihizae help plants absorb nitrogen and sometimes water)

45
Q

commercial uses

A

food (yeast- rising bread and alcohol fermentation)

antibiotics (penicillin comes from mold)

Biology (22 decks)

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