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Neuro Final > Autonomic Pharmacology DSA > Flashcards

Autonomic Pharmacology DSA Flashcards

1
Q

acetylcholine

A

NT of PS

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2
Q

NT for all preganglionic autonomics?

A

ACh to nicotonic receptors

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3
Q

postganglionic PS NT?

A

ACh on muscarinic

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4
Q

sympathetics to sweat gland NT

A

ACh to muscarinic

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5
Q

NT to somatic skeletal muscle?

A

ACh - to nicotinic

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6
Q

sympathetic NT to renal vascular smooth muscle

A

dopamine to D1 receptors

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7
Q

sympathetic to cardiac and smoth muscle, gland cells, and nerve terminals NT?

A

NE to alpha and beta receptors

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8
Q

norepinephrine

A

NT of sympathetics

catecholamine

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9
Q

epinephrine

A

synthesis in adrenal medulla

catecholamine

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10
Q

at adrenal medulla?

A

ACh binds nicotinic

-triggers release of 80% E, 20% NE

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11
Q

dopamine

A

precursor to NE and E
-synthesized in cytoplasm

acts on renal vascular smooth m**

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12
Q

synthesis of ACh

A

choline into neuron - depends on Na cotransport

ChAT - choline acetyltransferase

  • combining acetyl CoA with choline
  • to synaptic vesicle
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13
Q

release of ACh

A

AP triggers Ca influx

-Ca induces SNARE protein fusion with membrane - VAMP and SNAP

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14
Q

activation of nAChR

A

enhances ACh release

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15
Q

activation of mAChR

A

inhibits ACh release

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16
Q

acetylcholinesterase

A

breakdown of ACh - in synaptic cleft

-acetate and choline

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17
Q

nAChR location

A

all ganglia - PS and S

adrenal medulla - S

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18
Q

mAChR location

A

smooth and cardiac muscle
gland cells
nerve terminals

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19
Q

nAChR

A

ligand gated
-allow passage of Na

+ nicotine and ACh

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20
Q

mAChR

A

GPCRs
five subtypes
-

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21
Q

M2 and M3

A

mAChR subtype in smooth muscle

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22
Q

M2

A

mAChR subtype in cardiac muscle

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23
Q

catecholamines

A

NE, E, dopamine

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24
Q

major hormone of adrenal medulla

A

E

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25
Q

synthesis of catecholamines

A

tyrosine > dopa > dopamine > NE > E

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26
Q

VMAT-2

A

transports dopamine, NE, E, and serotonin across vesicle membrane

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27
Q

reserpine

A

inhibits VMAT-2

-leads to depletion of catecholamines from sympathetic nerve endings

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28
Q

responses to catecholamines

A 
contraction
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis
relaxation
increased force and reate of cardiac muscle
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29
Q

termination of catecholamine signaling

A
  • NET and DAT reuptake
  • dilution
  • metabolism - MAO and COMT
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30
Q

MAO

A

outer surface of mitochondria

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31
Q

COMT

A

cytoplasmic

-associated in liver

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32
Q

cotransmitters

A

in same vesicle

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33
Q

inhibit release of sympathetic NT?

A 
M2 and M4
serotonin
PGE2
histamine
enkephaline
DA
alpha-2 receptors
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34
Q

enhance release of sympathetic NT?

A

beta-2 receptors
angiotensin II
nAChR

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35
Q

alpha 1 receptor activation

A

muscle contraction

  • smooth muscle of vascular
  • cardiac muscle
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36
Q

alpha 1 in gut?

A

activation leads to Ca

-hyperpolarization and muscle relaxation

37
Q

alpha 2 receptor activation

A

vascular smooth m contraction
decreased insulin
decreased NE release

38
Q

potency of agonists for alpha receptors

A

E > NE > isoproterenol

39
Q

phenylephrine

A

activates alpha 1

40
Q

clonidine

A

activates alpha 2

41
Q

beta receptor mechanism

A

adenylyl cyclase

-incrased cAMP

42
Q

beta 1 receptors

A

myocardium

  • increased rate and force of heart contraction
  • also increase AV nodal conduction velocity
43
Q

beta 2 receptors

A

smooth muscle

-vascular bronchial, GU, GI smooth muscle relaxation

44
Q

beta 3 receptors

A

adipose tissue

-lipolysis

45
Q

decreased insulin secretion

A

alpha 2

-pancreatic islet beta cells

46
Q

aggregation of platelets

A

alpha 2

47
Q

decreased release of NE

A

alpha 2

48
Q

increased renin secretion

A

beta 1

juxtaglomerular cells

49
Q

dobutamine

A

activates beta 1

50
Q

D1 receptors

A

renal smooth muscles
-dilation

dopamine activation

51
Q

high concentration of dopamine

A

activate alpha-1 and beta-1

-increased heart rate and general vascular vasoconstriction

52
Q

contraction of radial muscle of iris

A

alpha 1

mydriasis - dilation

53
Q

contraction of sphincter muscle of iris

A

M3, M2

miosis - constriction

54
Q

secretion of lacrimal gland

A

stronger M3,M2 activation

PS

55
Q

increased heart rate and contractility

A

beta 1 > beta 2

56
Q

decreased rate of heart rate and contractility

A

M2&raquo_space; M3

57
Q

blood vessels

A

no PS innervation

58
Q

S to blood vessels

A

alpha 1, beta 2

vasoconstriction

59
Q

endothelium

A

M3 - activates NO synthesis

60
Q

tracheal and bronchial relaxation

A

beta-2

61
Q

trachea and bronchial contraction

A

M2 = M3

62
Q

decreased stomach motility, secretion and increased sphincter contraction of stomach

A

alpha 1 alpha 2 beta 1 beta 2

**intestines as well

63
Q

increased stomach motilty and tone
increased sphincter relaxation
decreased secretion of stomach

A

M2 M3

**intestines as well

64
Q

gallbladder relaxation

A

beta 2

65
Q

gallbladder contraction

A

M

66
Q

decreased renin from kidney

A

alpha 1

67
Q

increased renin from kidney

A

beta 1

68
Q

relaxation of bladder detrusor

A

beta 2

69
Q

contraction of trigone and sphincter

A

alpha 1

70
Q

contraction of detrusor

A

M3 > M2

71
Q

relaxation of trigone and sphincter

A

M3 > M2

72
Q

increased pregnant contraction of uterus

A

alpha 1

73
Q

ejaculation

A

alpha 1

74
Q

erection

A

M3

75
Q

skin contraction and secretion

A

alpha 1

76
Q

spleen contraction

A

alpha 1

77
Q

spleen relaxation

A

beta 2

78
Q

skeletal muscle contraction

A

beta 2

79
Q

liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

A

alpha 1 and beta 2

80
Q

pancreas beta cells insulin release

A

alpha 2

81
Q

EDRF

A

short lived vasodilator for endothelium
-aka NO

like a PS response
-mAChR activation

82
Q

stimuli for EDRF

A

ACh
products of inflammation
physical stimuli

83
Q

release of EDRF

A

ACh activates mAChR
-NO produced by endothelial cells

NO causes relaxation

84
Q

decreased blood pressure

A

sympathetic outflow

-renin release from kidney stimulated

85
Q

elevated blood pressure

A

reduced sympathetic outflow
-reduced renin

increased parasympathetic outflow

86
Q

baroreceptor reflex

A

variable monitored - MAP
-slow infusion of NE - increase peripheral vascular resistance

as a result, increased MAP - causes reflex of carotid sinus and aortic arch (baroreceptor) - which causes decreased sympathetic outflow and increased parasympathetic

87
Q

phenylephrine

A

increased blood pressure

  • raises MAP
  • causes baroreceptor reflex in normal individual
88
Q

histamine

A

decreased blood pressure

  • decreased MAP
  • increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic

Neuro Final (20 decks)

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