2.2.6

Question 1

What is FH?

Answer 1

a genetic disorder that increases the likelihood of having coronary heart disease at a younger age.

Question 2

Is FH caused by a chromosomal abnormality or a genetic mutation?

Answer 2

It is caused by a genetic mutation and is on chromosome 19.

Question 3

How does having FH impact the body?

Answer 3

It could lead to high blood pressure causing a heart attack.

Question 4

How is FH inherited?

Answer 4

It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, which means that you only need to get the abnormal gene from one parent to inherit familial hypercholesterolemia.

Question 5

What members of the Kim family have FH?

Answer 5

Jia Justin and Amy

Question 6

How can you use techniques in molecular biology to peek into the genes?

Answer 6

You can use gel electrophoresis

Question 7

How can you explain the likelihood of future generations having FH?

Answer 7

By creating a punnet square.

Question 8

What treatments are available?

Answer 8

The treatment options available are LDL lowerers, or an absorption inhibitor.

Question 9

How can lifestyle modifications help manage the condition?

Answer 9

Lifestyle changes that are recommended are diet changes, exercise, and no smoking.

Question 10

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer 10

A lab technique for amplifying DNA in-vitro.

Question 11

Restriction enzymes

Answer 11

A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts DNA at these sequences called restriction sites.

Question 12

RFLPs

Answer 12

Variations in DNA fragment sizes produced when DNA is cut with restriction enzymes.

Question 13

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 13

separates nucleic acids or proteins based on their size and electrical charge for analytical purposes.

Question 14

homozygous normal for the LDL receptor

Answer 14

(ff)

Question 15

Heterozygous for the defective LDL receptor

Answer 15

(Ff)

Question 16

HDL

Answer 16

(good cholesterol)

Question 17

LDL

Answer 17

(bad cholesterol)

Question 18

Total cholesterol

Answer 18

200 mg/dL

Question 19

atherosclerosis

Answer 19

narrowing of the arteries

Question 20

Statin therapy

Answer 20

drugs that can lower your cholesterol.

Question 21

An accumulation or build-up of a fatty substance (cholesterol) on the walls of arteries is called

Answer 21

plaque.

Question 22

The type of gel being used for electrophoresis is called

Answer 22

agarose.

Question 23

The gene that causes familial hypercholesterolemia is

Answer 23

autosomal dominant and caused by a defect in the LDL receptor.

Question 24

People with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) . . .

Answer 24

-high cholesterol in their blood
-have high levels of LDL in their blood
-take medication while watching their diet and following an exercise routine.

Question 25

In order to expel (release) all of the liquid sample using a micropipette, you

Answer 25

depress the plunger all the way down.

Question 26

In order to visual differences in DNA genotypes (like who is FF, who is Ff, who is ff), we first cut DNA with Restriction enzymes. Before this step, we need to

Answer 26

use PCR to amplify the DNA.

Question 27

Familial hypercholesterolemia is a disorder that

Answer 27

causes unusually high blood LDL cholesterol levels.

Question 28

Many of genetic tests available today can be bought at a local pharmacy without a prescription, a sample given and sent to a company that will analyze the sample and send the results usually by mail, email or app notification within a few days. This type of testing is called, specifically in this instance,

Answer 28

direct-to-consumer testing.

Question 29

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a disease that causes unusually high cholesterol levels in the blood that can lead to atherosclerosis and heart attacks if not treated properly. This disease is caused specifically by

Answer 29

a mutation in the LDLR gene.

Question 30

The process of amplifying or making lots of copies of a sample of DNA is called _________________ or PCR.

Answer 30

polymerase chain reaction

Question 31

polymerase chain reaction

Answer 31

75%

Question 32

High LDL cholesterol levels in the blood can directly lead to

Answer 32

-atherosclerosis. -plaque buildup in the blood. -a heart attack.

Question 33

Individuals that are unaffected (Normal) for FH can potentially correct high cholesterol with diet and exercise.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What does an Epidemiologist do?

Answer 34

They study trends in health issues in populations

Question 35

A _____ disease is one that occurs infrequently and irregularly

Answer 35

Sporadic

Question 36

A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a population is called an ___________

Answer 36

outbreak

Question 37

A disease that is perpetually present in a community or population within a specific geographic area is known as an _______

Answer 37

Endemic

Question 38

An epidemic that has pread across several countries or continents and affects a large number of people known as a ___________

Answer 38

Pandemic

Question 39

Another name for a "Hospital Acquired Infection" is a _____________ infection

Answer 39

Nosocomial