226 exam 3

Question 1

rales

Answer 1

crackles

Question 2

rhonchi

Answer 2

wheezing

Question 3

stridor

Answer 3

obstructed airflow

Question 4

hypercapnia is

Answer 4

increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide above 45

Question 5

hypoxemia is

Answer 5

decrease of oxygen in blood

Question 6

stridor

Answer 6

whistling sound when breathing in

Question 7

sarcoidosis

Answer 7

granulomas in lungs

Question 8

ejection clicks occur at ___

Answer 8

the maximal opening of the aortic valve

Question 9

a mammary soufflé is

Answer 9

a harmless murmur with a medium bruit heard over the breasts during pregnancy (due to increased blood flow)

Question 10

reason blood pressure increases with age

Answer 10

aortic endothelium hardens with age causing increased resistance

Question 11

reason for increased risk for orthostatic hypotension in older adults

Answer 11

widened pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic BP)

Question 12

how is palpation of the apical pulse different in pregnant women?

Answer 12

higher and more lateral as compared to regular positioning

Question 13

auscultate the apical pulse in the ____ area

Answer 13

5th intercostal space

Question 14

in children _____ are very common and are best heard at the left lower sternal boarder

Answer 14

soft and short ejection murmurs.

Question 15

why a heart murmur may be heard

Answer 15

backflow of blood into a heart chamber - - valves fail to close properly.

Question 16

murmurs sound like a ____ sound

Answer 16

whooshing

Question 17

bruits are only heard _____ the heart. while _____ are heard inside the heart.

Answer 17

bruits - - outside heart
murmurs - - inside heart

Question 18

child murmurs typically have no _____ significance

Answer 18

no disease related significance

Question 19

s1 sound is

Answer 19

lub - - (systole) ventricular contraction

Question 20

s2 sound is

Answer 20

dub - - (diastole) relaxation of ventricles and filling of atrium

Question 21

s3 sound is

Answer 21

ventricular Gallup - blood running into ventricles (preparing for contraction).

heard in children and young adults right at beginning of diastole.

In older adults not normal

Question 22

s4 sound is

Answer 22

(atrial gallup) late in diastole right before systole.

heard before S1 - - atrial pumps blood into the ventricles.

Blood rushing in causing a sound
because of a stiff
ventricular wall causes the s4 sound.

Question 23

screening tool for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 23

standing to squatting

Question 24

central venous pressure is tested by ____

Answer 24

assessing for jugular venous distention

Question 25

most common underlying cause of death globally

Answer 25

CVD

Question 26

ectopic heartbeat

Answer 26

changes in heartbeat pattern or rhythm

Question 27

in older adults, the ability of the heart to augment ____ is decreased

Answer 27

cardiac output with exercise is decreased

Question 28

blood volume ____ during pregnancy

Answer 28

increases 30 to 40 percent during pregnancy

Question 29

fetal heart begins to beat after _____ gestation

Answer 29

3 weeks gestation

Question 30

fetal heartbeat auscltated after ____ gestation

Answer 30

13 weeks gestation

Question 31

arterial blood pressure ____ in pregnancy as a result of _____

Answer 31

decreases in pregnancy as a result of peripheral vasodilation

Question 32

p wave

Answer 32

depolarization of the atria

Question 33

QRS complex

Answer 33

depolarization of ventricles

Question 34

T wave

Answer 34

repolarization of ventricles

Question 35

conditions that can result in murmurs

Answer 35

velocity of blood increases viscosity of blood decreases structural defects in valves

Question 36

normal jugular pulse strength

Answer 36

+2 moderate

Question 37

1 foot equals (in meters)

Answer 37

0.3 meters

Question 38

1 meter equals

Answer 38

3.2 feet

Question 39

bmi formula

Answer 39

kg / meters squared

Question 40

triglycerides above ____ is hyperlipidemia

Answer 40

150

Question 41

marasmus is

Answer 41

calorie malnutrition caused by digestive disorder

Question 42

kwashiokor is

Answer 42

protein malnutrition caused by severe protein deficiency

Question 43

shriveled appearance and retorted growth

Answer 43

marasmus

Question 44

protruding stomach and bulging eyes is

Answer 44

kwashiorkor

Question 45

at minimum, weight and dietary intake should be evaluated _____

Answer 45

weekly

Question 46

overweight is ____ or greater

Answer 46

25 bmi or greater

Question 47

obese is _____ or greater

Answer 47

30 or greater

Question 48

left kidney is not palpable normally because it

Answer 48

sit 1 cm higher than right kidney

Question 49

light abdominal palpation depress down _____

Answer 49

1 cm

Question 50

CVA tenderness (costovertebral angle 12th rib) indicates ____

Answer 50

kidney pain

Question 51

patient should ____ before abdominal assessment

Answer 51

empty bladder