Ch. 13 Napoleon and Europe

Question 1

Treaty of Campio-Formio

Answer 1

This treaty took Austria out of the war over French annexation of Belgium. It also marked Napoleon’s campaign and independent policy as successful.
-Only Britain is the enemy

Question 2

Battle of the Nile

Answer 2

1798 Great Britain vs. France. Horatio Nelson and the British defeat Napoleon and France.

Question 3

Horatio Nelson

Answer 3

English admiral who defeated the French fleets of Napoleon but was mortally wounded at Trafalgar (1758-1805)

Question 4

Battle of the Pyramids

Answer 4

The battle in which Napoleon’s army destroyed the Mameluks/ Egyptian army and only lost 20 men.

Question 5

Coup de Brumaire

Answer 5

General Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the French Directory with two other generals, replacing it with the French Consulate.
-writes new constitution with him as the new leader of France

Question 6

Consulate

Answer 6

The new French government under Napoleon

• Napoleon= first consul
• Napoleon constitution

Question 7

Plebiscite

Answer 7

Napoleonic political institution

• limited press
• “authority from above, confidence from below”
• a publicity stunt

Question 8

Concordant

Answer 8

This is the agreement between Pope Pius VII and Napoleon that healed the religious division in France by giving the French Catholics free practice of their religion and Napoleon political power

Question 9

Battle of Trafalgar

Answer 9

French and Spanish fleets were destroyed by the British navy

• Britain = major naval power
• French no longer hoped to invade Britain

Question 10

Battle of Austerlitz

Answer 10

On December 2, 1805 Napoleon defeated the combined Austrian and Russian forces at Austerlitz. The Treaty of Pressburg that followed won major concessions from Austria. The Austrians withdrew from Italy and left Napoleon control of everything north of Rome, where he was recognized as king of Italy

Question 11

Battle of Jena

Answer 11

the battle in October 1806 in which Napoleon decisively defeated the Prussians., To punish Prussia for joining the Third Coalition, Napoleon engaged in this battle. He obliterated the Prussian army and occupied their capital city of Berlin. King of Prussia Fredrick william the third asked protection from the Tzar of Russia against Napoleon

Question 12

Battle of Friedland

Answer 12

Napoleon then defeated the Russian army in June of 1807. Alexander I did not want to retreat through Russia, uncertain whether it might lead to a revolt of either the serfs or the nobles. So, agreed to negotiate with Napoleon.

Question 13

Council of State

Answer 13

Admin body of French empire

• oversaw finances
• advised empire and drew up laws

Question 14

Lycees

Answer 14

State secondary schools, intended to give it’s students technical training and to produce loyal military officers and government officials from the graduates.

Question 15

Civil Code (Napolionic Code)

Answer 15

Napoleon’s bargain with the middle class that reasserted equality of all male citizens before the law and absolute security of wealth and private property

• all equal under law
• free religion

Question 16

Notables

Answer 16

• Those who served Napoleon well were awarded with titles and positions
• over 3,600 titles given

Question 17

Grand Army

Answer 17

Combined French armies under Napoleon. Virtually destroyed during Napoleon’s ill-fated Russian campaign of 1812.
-600k to start, 40k left

Question 18

Continental System

Answer 18

1806. Prohibited trade with Britain
      - hoped to ruin their economy
      - Gave up during 1811 depression

Question 19

Peninsular Par

Answer 19

France was forced to invade Spain after the failure of Joseph Bonaparte. Very costly for Napoleon. The Duke of Wellington helped the Spanish.

Question 20

Nationalism

Answer 20

French conquered states

• the states wanted freedom/ independence
• they rose up and fought

Question 21

Johann Gottlieb Fichte

Answer 21

Called on German Peoples (whoever spoke German) to rise up and to “reconquer our liberty by death”

Question 22

Louis XVIII

Answer 22

Restored in 1814. Did grant VERY limited suffrage, legal equality and freedom of speech and press. So there was NOT a complete reversion to Old Regime in France. Louis XVIII was a sensible man but accompanied by return of swarm of vindictive emigres bent on “White Terror.”

Question 23

Elba

Answer 23

Napoleon exiled to Elba after restoration of bourbon dynasty

Question 24

100 DAYs

Answer 24

Louis escaped from Elba and attempted to take over Paris

• many followed him
• Allies said “NO”

Question 25

Duke Wellington

Answer 25

British military leader who led the army to victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo

Question 26

Battle of Waterloo

Answer 26

Wellington, with the crucial help of the Prussians under Field Marshal von Blucher, defeated Napoleon at this battle in Belgium on June 18, 1815. Napoleon was then exiled to Saint Helena, a tiny island off the coast of Africa, where he later died.

Question 27

ST HELENA

Answer 27

Where Napoleon was exiled to and where he died

Question 28

Congress of Vienna

Answer 28

Meeting between Austria, Russia, Prussia, Britain to reestablish peace after the defeat of Napoleon

Question 29

Robert Castlereagh

Answer 29

The British foreign secretary and representative at the Congress of Vienna.
-wanted Britain to control foreign affairs

Question 30

Klemmons Von Metternich

Answer 30

This was Austria’s foreign minister who wanted a balance of power in an international equilibrium of political and military forces that would discourage aggression

Question 31

Holly Alliance

Answer 31

Orchestrated by Tsar Alexander I in 1815 after the Hundred Days War. Intended by Alexander to be a statement of Christian purpose and international concord, the first attempt at a modern peacekeeping organization, but wound-up as an alliance for the suppression of revolutionary and liberal activity in Europe. (Russia, Austria, Prussia)

Question 32

Concert of Europe

Answer 32

(Aka. “Congress System”) Established at the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815,) European powers agreed to have future Congresses to enforce treaty and address issues as they arise. Ended with the Congress of Verona (1822,) ultimately failed to progress toward international order since the Congress stood for nothing but the status quo.