Ch. 6 England and the Dutch Republic in the 1600s

Question 1

James I

Answer 1

First Stuart king of England
Ireland 1603-1625
Scotland 1567-1625 
--King after Elizabeth I had no heirs 
--Divine right of Kings (i no like parliament)

Question 2

Charles I

Answer 2

King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which Charles was defeated. He was tried for treason and beheaded in 1649
-disband parliament for 11 years

Question 3

Puritans

Answer 3

Englands Calvinists

• Believed in the rights of Parliament
• Many left under religious tensions
• Wanted a simplified church

Question 4

William Laud

Answer 4

Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I in England. He tried to force the Scottish to use the English Book of Common Prayer. He was later executed by Parliament during the English Civil War.
-many thought he was trying to convert people into Catholics

Question 5

Petition of Rights

Answer 5

A result of Charles I’s CLASH with Parliament
-English Monarchs couldn’t collect taxes without Parliament consent; civilians could not be forced to quarter soldiers, military law couldn’t be imposed during times of peace.

Question 6

“Ship Money”

Answer 6

• Charles tried to run England with no Parliament
• -running out of money
• applied a shipping tax for all counties (usually just coastal towns)

Question 7

John Pym

Answer 7

A Parliamentary leader of the opposition to the throne. He led Parliament in refusing to give funds to the king until he gave into their grievances.

Question 8

Short Parliament

Answer 8

Convened to raise money to fight the Scots when they rebelled. It was dissolved when Pym demanded Charles redress political and religious grievances

Question 9

Roundheads

Answer 9

Parliament’s forces that waged war against Charles I and his Cavaliers.

Question 10

Cavaliers

Answer 10

Charles I’s private forces that remained loyal to him throughout the English Civil War

Question 11

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 11

Leader of the New Model Army in the English Civil War, where he led the Roundheads to victory against the Cavaliers. He became Lord Protector of Great Britain

Question 12

New Model Army

Answer 12

The disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell in the English civil war.
-Paid not Plundered

Question 13

Independents

Answer 13

Members of Parliament who wanted more changes

-More Political reforms

Question 14

Levellers

Answer 14

Parliament Extremists

• Poor and Rich Protection Laws
• Parliament under voters
• New Constitution
• religious toleration

Question 15

Diggers

Answer 15

Denied parliaments power
-No private property
-

Question 16

Prides Purges

Answer 16

Cromwell felt king should be executed to prevent counterrevolution. Parlt. hesitated so Cromwell used army to break up Parlt. which had started at 500 in 1640 and already sunk to 150. Used Colonel Pride to remove dissenters(100 of them) and left only about 50 - The Rump.

Question 17

Rump Parliament

Answer 17

The 50 or so left in Parlt after Pride’s Purge. Put Charles to death on scaffold in 1649.

Question 18

Act of Settlement

Answer 18

-To Prevent Catholic rulers in England
English law passed in 1701 that decreed the English throne would go to the Protestant Electress Dowager of Hanover, should the ruling monarch or his sister die without an heir

Question 19

Long Parliament

Answer 19

(1640-1648) desperate for money after Scottish invasion of northern England-Charles finally agreed to demands by Parliament: Parliament could not be dissolved w/o its own consent; had to meet once every 3 years; “ship money” abolished; leaders of persecution of Puritans to be tried and executed; common law courts supreme to king’s courts; refused funds to raise army to defeat Irish revolt-Puritans came to represent majority in Parliament

Question 20

Barebones Parliament

Answer 20

Cromwell’s Parliament

-140 new members

Question 21

“Lord protector”

Answer 21

The tile the Cromwell took after wining the English Civil war
-Gave him almost ultimate power in the sort Commonwealth before Charles II became king

Question 22

Charles II

Answer 22

The king of the restoration of the monarchy. HE was a closet Catholic who was secretly trying to reestablish Catholicism in England.

Question 23

Navigation Acts

Answer 23

A series of laws that regulated trade in the English colonies strictly between them and the mother country. The colonists hated this because they could get better prices elsewhere.

Question 24

Act of Corporation

Answer 24

Required all office holders in England to take Communion

Question 25

Act of Uniformity

Answer 25

Key part of the Elizabethan Settlement, Cranmer’s book of Common Prayer was reinstated with some revisions to make it more acceptable to Catholics
-Protestants had no power to alter church

Question 26

Test Act

Answer 26

English law that excluded Catholics from public office and led to the creation of the first political parties (Whigs and Tories)

Question 27

James II

Answer 27

This was the Catholic king of England after Charles II that granted everyone religious freedom and even appointed Roman Catholics to positions in the army and government

Question 28

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

Answer 28

In this bloodless revolution, the English Parliament and William III of Orange and Mary II agreed to overthrow King James II for the sake of Protestantism. This led to a constitutional monarchy and the drafting of the English Bill of Rights.

Question 29

“Protestant Wind”

Answer 29

When William and Mary of Orange traveled from the Netherlands to take the throne, a wind picked up that quickly pulled their ships to England. This same wind worked against James II, keeping his ships at bay. This helped them take the throne from the reluctant James.

Question 30

William and Mary

Answer 30

Became new rulers of England

• protestant
• allowed parliament to have power

Question 31

Bill of Rights

Answer 31

passed in 1689 and was effectively a constitution, making England a constitutional monarchy. The Bill of Rights gave Parliament rights, as well as granting people natural rights like free speech.

• No Catholics on Throne
• Limited Monarch power

Question 32

House of Orange

Answer 32

This was the most powerful, dominant family in the Dutch Republic, that provided many of the stadtholders who headed the executive branch of government, including the man who became King William III of England

Question 33

Stadholder

Answer 33

This was the name given to the person appointed by the States General to carry out ceremonial functions in a province in the Netherlands
-Dutch Princes

Question 34

Amsterdam

Answer 34

a major international trade port in the Netherlands

Question 35

Dutch East India Company

Answer 35

A trade company to compete with England

• Monopoly in East Asia Trade
• Formed by private investors

Question 36

Rembrant

Answer 36

Considered one of the greatest Dutch Baroque artists, his financial success was offset by tragic deaths of two wives and all four of his sons.

Question 37

Jan Vermeer

Answer 37

An artist fascinated with the effects of light and dark. He chose domestic, indoor settings for his portraits. He often painted women doing such familiar activities such as pouring milk from a jug or reading a letter. His work reveals how important merchants, civil leaders, and the middle class in general were in the 17th century Netherlands.