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Aviation > aerodynamics basic > Flashcards

aerodynamics basic Flashcards

0
Q

coefficient of lift is determined by…

A

camber

AoA

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1
Q

where does the point of maximum camber occur

A

where the distance between the camber line and chord line is greatest

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2
Q

what makes a coupled moment

A

two opposite forces separated by a horizontal distance

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3
Q

define the separation point

A

the point where airflow cant follow the streamline and acts in spastic directions

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4
Q

as we get closer to the stall, what happens to the separation and transition point

A

get closer and closer to the leading edge

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5
Q

the tendency to overbank in a climb is a result of…

A

the puter wing experiencing
greater velocity
greater AoA

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6
Q

the tendency to underbank in a descending turn is a result of

A

the inner wing
lower velocity
higher AoA

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7
Q

what are the three types of ailerons

A

frise ailerons
differential ailerons
coupling of ailerons ams rudder

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8
Q

describe frise ailerons

A

offset hinges deflect aileron upward to create drag on that side

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9
Q

describe differential ailerons

A

the up going aileron is deflected more than the down-going aileron

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10
Q

describe what coupling the ailerons and rudders does

A

rudder automatically deflects with aileron movement to counteract adverse yaw

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11
Q

what defines a spin

A

aggravated stall that results in a wing drop

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12
Q

during a spin, one rotation + recovery =

A

800ft

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13
Q

in a spin, one rotation =

A

300 ft

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14
Q

why does a flat spin occur as opposed to a normal spin

A

aircraft centre of mass is further away from the spin axis

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15
Q

why is the use of ailerons bad in the incipient (and all stages) of a spin

A

aileron creates higher AoA, thus creating drag on specific wing, thus dropping that wing (that was intended to go up) even more.

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16
Q

what does IAS represent

A

dynamic pressure

1/2 x pv^2

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17
Q

what is calibrated airspeed

A

IAS corrected for position error (position of pitot tube) and instrument error

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18
Q

what is equivalent airpseed

A

CAS corrected for compressibility error

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19
Q

what is TAS

A

true airspeed corrected for air density error (most likely due to temperature)

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20
Q

at what speed and altitude is CAS EAS considered negligible

A

UP TO 200 kts and 10,000 ft

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21
Q

how does a turn at low speed differ to turns at high speed

A

smaller turn radius

GREATER rate of turn

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22
Q

what dictates a standard rate turn (rate 1)

A

3 degrees a second

180 degrees a minute

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23
Q

how does am increase in altitude affect turn performance

A

decreases it (as a result of higher speed)

24
Q

turn rate=

A

AoB/TAS

25
Q

turn radius is proportional to

A

TAS^2/AoB

26
Q

for maximum range, what speed do we fly at

A

the speed with minimum drag (68 kts)

27
Q

range =

A

TAS/fuel flow. = distance/fuel flow

28
Q

drag =

A

power/TAS

29
Q

a headwind does what to glide distance

A

decreases it

30
Q

a tailwind does what to glide distance

A

increases it

31
Q

what affects rate of descent

A

weight

32
Q

does wind have an affect on rate of descent

A

no

33
Q

when is maximum endurance achieved

A

at minimum power for a given airspeed

34
Q

endurance =

A

flight time/amount of fuel

35
Q

what is the region of reverse command

A

and area of the power vs IAS graphs where more power is needed to stop airspeed dropping (rather than the point of max endurance where min power is needed to maintain airspeed)

36
Q

longitudinal STABILITY occurs on which axis

A

lateral axis

37
Q

later STABILITY occurs on which axis

A

longitudinal axis

38
Q

directional STABILITY occurs in which axis

A

normal axis

39
Q

what are the three types of stability

A

stable
neutral
unstable

40
Q

describe stable

A

object returns to original point

41
Q

describe neutral

A

object stays displaced until moved back

42
Q

describe unstable

A

object continues to become more and more displaced from the origin

43
Q

why are dihedral wings good

A

they improve lateral stability

more stable role

44
Q

why are sweepback wings good for lateral stability

A

because in a turn, there is less effective span on the higher wing, resulting in a more stable turn.

45
Q

is lateral stability of or directional stability stronger

A

directional

46
Q

what are the three types of balance tabs

A

aerodynamic
automatic balance
fixed

47
Q

describe aerodynamic tabs

A

–> horn balance, a horn protrudes in the opposite direction of the control surface deflected (on outer edge of c172 elevator)

48
Q

describe automatic balance

A

automatically moves in the opposite direction of surface deflection
(c172 does this slightly)

49
Q

describe fixed tabs

A

tab that stays fixed

on the 172, is the rudder balance tab

50
Q

what are anti-balance tabs and what are their benifits

A

makes it harder to deflect surfaces, thus reducing airframe stress

51
Q

describe mass balance

A

mass placed inside control surfaces to move CoG closer to hinge line, thus reducing flutter

52
Q

what is ground looping and why is it dangerous

A

the weather-coking of tailwheel aircraft

if not corrected is almost impossible to recover from

53
Q

what is wheelbarrowing

A

high speed and excessive forward pressure resulting in the main wheels leaving the ground before the nose wheel

54
Q

what gyroscopic characteristic causes the aircraft to yaw to the left

A

precession

force displaced by 90 degrees (yaw to left)

55
Q

what variables are involved in the gyroscopic effect

A

blade mass
rpm
rate at which tail is lifted

56
Q

what is the p factor

A

more thrust is produced on the downgoing half of the propellor disc than the upgoing half

57
Q

p factor is strongest when

A

high power settings
high AoA
low airspeed

Aviation (12 decks)

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