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Aviation > PPL-Human Factors > Flashcards

PPL-Human Factors Flashcards

1
Q

For exercise to be sufficient, it must be

A

At least 3 times a week
30 minutes at least
enough to double resting heart rate

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2
Q

What is the comfortable operating range for the brain

A

21-27 degrees celcius

50% humidity

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3
Q

When does heat stress occur to the brain

A

> 32 degrees
Excessive sun
Below 10 degrees

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4
Q

If temperatures are above 30 degrees, what amount of water should be consumed at what rate

A

250ml every 30 mintues

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5
Q

How long must you wait after blood donations

A

24 hrs

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6
Q

At sea level, what is a smoker’s physiological altitude

A

4000ft

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7
Q

What is barotrauma

A

trauma caused by pressure changes

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8
Q

What is otic barotrauma

A

pressure difference between innner and outer ear

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9
Q

what is sinus barotrauma

A

expanding and contracting of gasses in sinuses

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10
Q

What is aerodontalgia

A

caused by air cavities in the teeth

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11
Q

What is intestinal barotrauma

A

caused by gas in the intestines

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12
Q

otic barotrauma is most commonly associated with blockage of the

A

eustachian tube

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13
Q

When is otic barotrauma most severe and why?

A

during a descent as a result of the pressure expanding rather than contracting

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14
Q

intestinal barotrauma is usually only apparent

A

after 25000 ft

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15
Q

Why does air sickness occur

A

Conflicting signals received from our eyes, vestibular organs and proprioception (skeletal system and joints)

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16
Q

How long is a class 2 medical valid for

A

4 years if you are under 40, 2 years if over

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17
Q

How long is a class 3 medical certificate valid for

A

2 years

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18
Q

How is alcohol rid from the body

A

10% through perspiration and urine

90% through metabolic processes in the liver

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19
Q

…. hours from bottle to throttle

A

8

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20
Q

What is the legal BAC

A

0.02%

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21
Q

What does IMSAFE stand for

A 
Illness
medication
stress
alcohol
fatigue
Eating/emotion
22
Q

What is a healthy blood pressure

A

120/80

23
Q

What is hypertension

A

Excessively high blood pressure making it difficult for the heart to operate

24
Q

Complex tasks are better performed at what level of arousal

A

low

25
Q

Simple tasks are better performed at what level of arousal

A

high

26
Q

At what altitude does it become necessary to breathe 100% oxygen

A

40,000 ft

27
Q

What are some symptoms of hypoxia

A

Impaired Judgement
Nausea and headache, frequent yawning
Tingling Cyanosis
Personality changes- euphoria or aggression
Poor muscular control and lack of coordination
Poor concentration, failure of short term memory
Vision deteriorates- first peripheral and night vision, then day colour.
Touch and hearing deterioration

28
Q

At 20,000 ft, how much time of useful consciousness do we have before we become hypoxic

A

10 minutes moderate activity, 20 minutes light activity

29
Q

At 25,000 ft, how much time of useful consciousness do we have before we become hypoxic

A

3 minutes moderate, 5 minutes light

30
Q

at 30,000 ft how much time of useful consciousness do we have before we become hypoxic

A

1 minute moderate, 3 minutes light

31
Q

At what altitude does degradation of night vision occur

A

4000 ft

32
Q

What is hyperventialtion

A

breathing at a rate excessive of that needed to remove carbon dioxide, leading to a reduction of brain artery diameter

33
Q

What are some symptoms of hyperventilation

A

Light-headedness or dizziness
A tingling, or numbness of the fingers, hands, toes and lips
A stiffening of the fingers, hands, toes and lips
Anxiety and chest pains
Reduced performance
Stiffening/spasm of peripheral limb muscles
Collapse and unconsciousness

34
Q

Grey-out occurs around what levels of g

A

3.5-4.5 g

35
Q

Black out occurs around what level of g

A

5 g

36
Q

What rest at sea level is required for a dive that did not require a decompression stop

A

4 hrs

37
Q

What rest at sea level is required for a dive that did require a decompression stop but was less than 4 hrs

A

12 hrs

38
Q

What rest at sea level is required for a dive that did require a decompression stop andwas morethan 4 hrs

A

48 hrs

39
Q

What are the four refractive errors

A

Hyperopia (long sightedness)
Myopia (short sightedness)
Astigmatism (blurry vision)
Presbyopia (natural condition of aging)

40
Q

To function properly at night, what chemical needs to assist our eyes

A

rhodopsin

41
Q

How long does it take for rhodopsin to come into effect

A

30-45 minutes

42
Q

What can prolonged exposure to glare do to our night vision

A

reduce its ability by 30-50% lasting up to 7 days

43
Q

What is empty sky myopia

A

When the eyes have nothing to focus on, they adopt a rest position and focus 1-2 metres ahead. As a result objects coming into our field of vision will not be noticed.

44
Q

what db level is hearing damage most likely to occur

A

85db or more

45
Q

Otolith organs are responsible for

A

sense of acceleration and deceleration

46
Q

The semi-circular canals are responsible for what

A

sensing angular ACCELERATION

47
Q

What are the leans

A

When we detect that we are in a bank when truly we are straight and level

48
Q

What is a somatogravic illusion

A

When we accelerate we detect a pitch up movement

49
Q

What is an autokinetic illusion

A

The eyes dart about when looking at a bright object against a dark background because they have nothing to focus on, thus making the object appear to move around

50
Q

what is the coroilis illusion

A

When the semi-circular canals to swap axis (yaw to roll), disorientating the individual

51
Q

What is atmospheric transparency

A

Objects appear to be further or closer than they ACTUALLY ARE as a result of poor atmospheric transperency

52
Q

The basic threat and error management technique is

A

Anticipation
Recognition
Recovery

Aviation (12 decks)

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