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2AP > 23 Digestive > Flashcards

23 Digestive Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Study of the digestive system

A

Gastroenterology

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2
Q

Digestive tract,

A

alimentary canal; GI tract, gut

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3
Q

Accessory organs

A

aid in digestion, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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4
Q

Digestion

A

breaking of large particles of food to smaller ones; mechanical & chemical

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5
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

chewing, churning of stomach

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6
Q

Chemical digestion

A

digestive enzymes- break chemical bonds; alter chemical structure (HCl)

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7
Q

Absorption

A

blood, lymph(fats)

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8
Q

4 layers

A

mucosa, submucosa(connective tissue), muscle layer, serosa

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9
Q

Muscle layer

A

churns/mixes food/ propels down; innervated by autonomic parasymp=vagus nerve 10;
circular layer and longitudinal layer=peristalsis

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10
Q

Serosa layer

A

serous membrane-serous fluid-lubricates; omentum- extension of serosa-“apron” prevents infection from spreading to blood vessels and nerves

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11
Q

Polysaccharide

A

starch, broken down by amylase to disaccharide

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12
Q

Disaccharides

A

broken down by disaccharidase to monosaccharides; maltose (g+glucose), lactose (g+galactose), sucrose (g+fructose)

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13
Q

Monosaccharides

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

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14
Q

Proteins

A

broken down by protease to peptides or amino acids

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15
Q

Peptides

A

broken down by peptidase to amino acids

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16
Q

Lipids

A

broken down by lipase to glycerol and fatty acids, ADEK vitamins

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17
Q

Bile

A

mechanically breaks down fat by emulsification (chemical)

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18
Q

Oral cavity

A

Buccal cavity(between cheek and gum); process of chewing-mastication; stomatitis- mouth inflammation

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19
Q

Teeth

A

4 sets of teeth that match top and bottom(incisors, cuspid/canine, (pre)molars); veins, arteries, nerve that innervate the teeth-pulp

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20
Q

Tongue

A

Facilitates mastication/deglutination

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21
Q

Frenulum

A

anchors tongue to bottom of mouth

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22
Q

Salivary ducts

A

Sublingual, parotid, submandibular

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23
Q

Saliva

A

softens and moistens food (amylase)

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24
Q

Pharynx

A

naso and oro separated by hard and soft palate and uvula; cleft palate occurs when palates dont close in fetal development

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25
Esophagus
passes through diaphragm to stomach- gastroesophageal sphincter prevent acid reflux GERD
26
Top outer curve of stomach
fundus
27
Bottom outward curve of stomach
great curvature
28
Top inward curve of stomach
lesser curvature
29
Small top outward curve
Pylorus
30
Region close to pyloric sphincter
Pyloric region
31
Connects pylorus to duodenum
Pyloric sphincter
32
Allows stomach to expand/contract
pleats called rugae
33
Layer of stomach that churns fewd
3rd layer- oblique muscles
34
Chyme
mixture of food, gastric juices, saliva in stomach; ejected through pyloric sphincter
35
Secretory cells in stomach
-mucous (thin) -chief pepsin=protease -parietal-HCl=break protein down to digest/absorb make up gastric juice^^ -mucous(thick) protect stomach from HCl-ulcers
36
Hiatal hernia
If opening in diaphragm the espophagus enters thru is weakened/enlarged, stomach protrudes/ herniates from abdominal -> thoracic cavity
37
Nasogastric tube
empties stomach to prevent vomiting; abdominal wall->stomach food tube- gastrostomy
38
Gastric Resection (gastrectomy)
cant regulate rate the chyme is delivered to the duodenum. chyme is dumped into duodenum, since there is no stomach= dumping syndrome
39
Pyloric stenosis
during infancy, the pylorus is too narrow, food cant move out of stomach;characterized by projectile vomiting immediately after feeding
40
Duodenum
10" where most of digestion/absorption takes place
41
Villi/ microvilli
increase surface area for nutrient absorption; blood capillary and lacteal for lymph
42
Carbohydrates and protein end products ->
nutrients absorbed thru duodenal wall->vein of villi->portal vein->liver for processing
43
End products for fat digestion
absorbed by lacteal in villi->white lymph->chyle->lymphatic system
44
Small intestine secretes
lipase, protease, amylase, disaccharidoses
45
other 2 sections of small intestine
jejunum-> ileum (ileocecal valve) -> cecum (large instestine)
46
Large intestine
Ileocecal valve-> anus;ascending (hepatic flexure) transverse (splenic flexure) descending , sigmoid colon; absorbs water; contains e coli; 30% of feces is bacteria
47
Twisted intestine
Volvulus
48
Colostomy
incision to colon/re-routing colon to surface of abdomen
49
Veins that drain anal region become stretched and distorted
varicosities
50
Liver (hepatic) accessory organ
Largest organ; partially protected by ribs; produces bile; hepatic portal circulation-process nutrients
51
Hepatic portal curculation
blood collected from hepatic artery and portal vein taken through central vein; bile produced by liver cells->bile ducts-> stored in gall bladder
52
Bile salts and pigments
bile salts- emulsify fats; pigments formed from breakdown of hemoglobin that couldnt be reused
53
Gallstone=
blocks bile from getting to duodenum= grey/clay colored stools; jaundice= backup of bile pigments in blood stream
54
Where the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct meet
Ampulla of Vater
55
Gallbladder
stores bile that liver produces
56
CCK
Cholecystokinin causes the release of bile from the cystic duct->common bile duct-> duodenum
57
Stones in gallbladder
Cholecystitis
58
Pancreas
(exocrine) ->pancreatic duct->pancreatic juice-has enzymes and alkaline secretions
59
Digestive enzymes are secreted by
Acinar cells in pancreas
60
carbs proteins fat
carbs-amylase proteins-proteases- trypsin and chymotrypsin fat-lipase secreted inactive form; activated in duodenum, work best in alkaline ph
61
Response to acidic chyme
secretin released from duodenal walls -> Alkaline secretions to neutralize
62
Chyme results in a
secretion of cholecystokinin from duodenal walls to break down fat/protein

2AP (25 decks)

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