Endocrine system 14

Question 1

Controls endocrine system; chemical that influences or controls the activities of other tissues/organ; released by glands

Answer 1

Hormone

Question 2

Sites where hormones have their effect

Answer 2

Target Tissues

Question 3

Hormones released/regulated by:

Answer 3

Negative feedback mechanisms, biorhythms, direct CNS activation

Question 4

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 4

Adenohypophysis

Question 5

Attaches to posterior pituitary to hypothalamus

Answer 5

Infundibulum

Question 6

Anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 6

Growth, Prolactin, Tropic

Question 7

Tropic hormones

Answer 7

ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH

Question 8

ACTH

Answer 8

Adrenocorticotropic; stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete steroids

Question 9

TSH

Answer 9

Thyroid Stimulating hormone; secretes T3 T4

Question 10

FSH

Answer 10

Gonadotropic; stimulates development of Ova and sperm

Question 11

LH

Answer 11

Lutenizing; Causes ovulation; Testosterone & Estrogen

Question 12

GH continues to release after epiphyseal disk closes (ex: andre the giant)

Answer 12

Acromegaly

Question 13

Extension of Hypothalamus

Answer 13

Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis)

Question 14

Posterior Pituitary hormones

Answer 14

ADH and Oxytocin

Question 15

ADH

Answer 15

Antidiuretic hormone; released to conserve water; causes vasoconstriction (vasopressin)

Question 16

Deficiency of _____ causes Diabetes Insipidus urinate a lot

Answer 16

ADH

Question 17

Has secretory units called follicles that secrete T3 T4; necessary for maturation of CNS and growth

Answer 17

Thyroid Gland

Question 18

Cells adjacent to follicular cells that produce calcitonin

Answer 18

Parafollicular

Question 19

Thyroid Gland Hormones

Answer 19

Parathyroid Hormone and Thyroid Hormone

Question 20

PTH

Answer 20

osteoclastic; ^ blood calcium; ^ absorption of calcium from gut; ^ absorption from urine (phosphaturic effect)

Question 21

TH

Answer 21

T3 T4 secreted by the thyroid gland; control metabolic rate and regulate growth and development

Question 22

Parafollicular cells

Answer 22

Located between follicles; secrete calcitonin; v calcium; osteoblastic

Question 23

Iodine Deficiency

Answer 23

caused by low amount of T3 and T4; causes goiter

Question 24

^ Iodine

Answer 24

Hyperthyroid

Question 25

v Iodine

Answer 25

Hypothyroid

Question 26

Adrenal Glands are near ____

Answer 26

The kidneys

Question 27

Inner Region of Adrenal gland

Answer 27

Adrenal Medulla

Question 28

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 28

extension of sympathetic nervous system secrete (nor)epinephrine

Question 29

Outer Region of Adrenal gland

Answer 29

Adrenal Cortex

Question 30

Adrenal Cortex secretes

Answer 30

Steroids -> Glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, sex hormones

Question 31

Glucocorticoids

Answer 31

cortisol-> ^ blood glucose regulates ACTH

Question 32

Mineralcorticoids

Answer 32

Aldosterone-> regulates blood pressure/volume

Question 33

Sex hormones

Answer 33

T & E

Question 34

Addison's disease

Answer 34

Hyposecretion of cortisol (steroid)

Question 35

Cushing's disease

Answer 35

Hypersecretion of cortisol (steroid)

Question 36

Pancreas Hormones

Answer 36

Insulin and Glucagon

Question 37

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 37

secretes Insulin Beta cells and Glucagon Alpha cells;pancreas

Question 38

Insulin

Answer 38

v blood glucose; Puts blood glucose into cell; (diabetes mellitus)

Question 39

Glucagon

Answer 39

^ blood glucose levels

Question 40

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 40

Hyperglycemia(sugar unable to move into cells/v insulin)>>>Glucosuria(excess sugar=in pee)>>>Polydipsia(glucosuria=loss of water=thirst)>>>Polyphagia(cells unable to use glucose for energy=hunger)>>>Acidosis(can't burn glucose so burn fatty acids instead)

Question 41

ThymusGland

Answer 41

Immunity; larger in child than in adult

Question 42

Pineal Gland

Answer 42

Biological Clock; biorhythms; secretes melatonin;

Question 43

Secondary messenger

Answer 43

The interaction of the hormone with its receptor stimulates the production of a second messenger such as (cAMP) The cAMP, in turn, helps activate the enzymes in the cell