Final Endocrine

Question 1

Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis) located in

Answer 1

Depression of Sphenoid bone under hypothalamus

Question 2

Secretions of Anterior pituitary gland (Adenohypophyis) controlled by

Answer 2

Hypothalamus sending releasing or release inhibiting hormones through Hypothalamic Hypophyseal Portal System (network of capillaries)

Question 3

Anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 3

Growth (GH) , Prolactin (PRL), Tropic (4)

Question 4

Anterior pituitary Tropic Hormones

Answer 4

control other glands:

ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH

Question 5

GH can cause

Answer 5

Gigantism, acromegaly, pituitary dwarfism (too little)

Question 6

PRL

Answer 6

Promotes milk production

Question 7

TSH

Answer 7

Stimulates thyroid to secrete T3 T4

Question 8

ACTH

Answer 8

Adrenocorticotropic; stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete steroids

Question 9

Gonadotropin FSH

Answer 9

Follicle Stimulating Hormone; stimulates development of Ova and sperm

Question 10

Gonadotropin LH

Answer 10

Lutenizing; Causes ovulation; Testosterone & Estrogen

Question 11

Extension of Hypothalamus

Answer 11

Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis)

Question 12

Posterior Pituitary hormones

Answer 12

ADH and Oxytocin

Question 13

ADH

Answer 13

Antidiuretic hormone; released to conserve water; causes vasoconstriction (vasopressin); deficiency-diabetes insipidus

Question 14

Oxytocin

Answer 14

Milk let down reflex; stimulates uterus to contract

Question 15

Thyroid Gland is composed of secretory units called

Answer 15

Follicles

Question 16

Thyroid Follicular cells secrete

Answer 16

T3 T4

Question 17

Hypothyroidism

Answer 17

Myxedema; slow metabolism, heart rate, thick puffy skin

Question 18

Infant born with no thyroid gland=

Answer 18

fails to develop physically/mentally, short and stocky, abnormal skeletal development, and severe mental retardation Cretinism

Question 19

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 19

Graves’ disease;^heart rate, ^peristalsis resulting in diarrhea, ^body temp, hyperactivity, weight loss, exophthalmia

Question 20

^Iodine, v Iodine

Answer 20

Hyperthyroidism , Hypothyroidism (Goiter)

Question 21

Parafollicular cells

Answer 21

Located between follicles; secrete calcitonin; v calcium; osteoblastic

Question 22

Thyroid Gland Hormones

Answer 22

TH and PTH

Question 23

TH

Answer 23

T3 T4 secreted by the thyroid gland; control metabolic rate and regulate growth and development

Question 24

PTH

Answer 24

osteoclastic; ^ blood calcium; ^ absorption of calcium from gut; ^ absorption from urine (phosphaturic effect)

Question 25

Hypocalcemia

Answer 25

Carpal spasm / Tetany / layrngospasm=asphyxiation

Question 26

Hypercalcemia

Answer 26

Hypercalciuria; ^PTH=^Calcium in blood- kidney stones

Question 27

Adrenal Glands are near ____

Answer 27

Kidneys

Question 28

Inner Region of Adrenal gland

Answer 28

Adrenal Medulla

Question 29

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 29

extension of sympathetic nervous system secrete norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 30

Outer Region of Adrenal gland

Answer 30

Adrenal Cortex

Question 31

Adrenal Cortex Secretes 3 steroids:

Answer 31

Glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, sex hormones

Question 32

Glucocorticoids

Answer 32

chief glucocorticoud cortisol-> ^ blood glucose and regulates ACTH

Question 33

Mineralcorticoids

Answer 33

Aldosterone-> regulates blood pressure/volume

Question 34

Sex hormones

Answer 34

T & E

Question 35

Addison's disease

Answer 35

Hyposecretion of cortisol (steroid); generalized weakness

Question 36

Cushing's disease

Answer 36

Hypersecretion of cortisol (steroid)

Question 37

Pancreas Hormones

Answer 37

Insulin and Glucagon

Question 38

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 38

secretes Insulin Beta cells and Glucagon Alpha cells; pancreas

Question 39

Insulin and Glucagon effects

Answer 39

Insulin- v blood glucose (lack of=diabetes mellitus) | Glucagon- ^blood glucose

Question 40

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 40

Hyperglycemia->Glucosuria->Polydipsia(glucosuria=loss of water=thirst)->Polyphagia(cells unable to use glucose for energy=hunger)->Acidosis(can't burn glucose so burn fatty acids instead)

Question 41

Pineal Gland

Answer 41

Biological Clock; biorhythms; secretes melatonin;

Question 42

Thyroid gland secretes ___ &____ and _____

Answer 42

t3&t4 and calcitonin