23 General Anesthesia II

Question 1

Midazolam is what type of drug?

Answer 1

a benzodiazepine

Question 2

Frequently Midazolam is given as a premedication for anesthesia because it has what effect?

Answer 2

It has an Anti-anxiety effect as well as an amnesia effect

Question 3

What is an induction in anesthesia?

Answer 3

initiation of unconsiousness in preparation for intubation.

Question 4

An induction agent is generally combined with what ?

Answer 4

a muscle relaxant

Question 5

T/F Most induction agents enter the tissues, then go to the brain because it takes longer to cross the BBB?

Answer 5

False, they go to the brain first then disperse to the tissues.

Question 6

During a surgery using general anesthesia, there is a “balanced” technique using 3 major drugs which are?

Answer 6

1) Volatile anesthetic
2) muscle relaxant
3) Opioid

Question 7

T/F When the patient is emerging from general anesthesia, antagonistic drugs are given to help the person regain consciousness?

Answer 7

False, only when the patient is having difficulty waking up.

Question 8

When do the side effects of the anesthetics diminish or abate?

Answer 8

during the recovery period

Question 9

Which drug is considered the newest anestetic induction agent?

Answer 9

Propofol. This is the micheal jackson drug.

Question 10

What is propofol dissolved in?

Answer 10

intralipid

Question 11

T/F Propofol has a very little hangover effect?

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

What do you give a person that has been overdosed with propofol?

Answer 12

Nothing. There is no antagonist for this drug. You can only maintain life support.

Question 13

Can Propofol be used for induction, maintenance, or both?

Answer 13

Both

Question 14

What is etomidate?

Answer 14

an intravenous induction agent

Question 15

What does etomidate do to your breathing?

Answer 15

depresses it

Question 16

what does etomidate do to your cardiovascular system?

Answer 16

Nothing, it does not depress it.

Question 17

T/F Etomidate, propofol, ketamine, and barbituates do not have reversal agents (antagonists) in case of an overdose?

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

Ketamine works on which receptors?

Answer 18

NMDA receptor (It’s an antagonist)

Question 19

T/F Ketamine depresses both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems?

Answer 19

False, it does not depress either one.

Question 20

Ketamine is used as a_______ for general anesthesia?

Answer 20

induction agent

Question 21

Ketamine produces which 3 effects?

Answer 21

sedation
amnesia
analgesia

Question 22

T/F Ketamine is a phenylcyclidine derivative?

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

Methohexital is considered to be a?

Answer 23

Oxybarbiturate

Question 24

Thiopental is considered to be a?

Answer 24

Thiobarbiturate

Question 25

Barbiturates are used for?

Answer 25

intravenous induction of general anesthesia

Question 26

Do barbiturates act fast of slow?

Answer 26

Fast on the brain

Question 27

How do barbiturates act of the respiratory drive?

Answer 27

they cause respiratory depression

Question 28

T/F barbiturates are considered highly soluble lipids?

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

How long does it take for you to recover from a barbiturate anesthetic?

Answer 29

5-8 min

Question 30

why is the recovery from barbiturates so quick

Answer 30

It is due to the quick redistribution of the drug from the brain to other tissues

Question 31

GABA receptors are considered?

Answer 31

Inhibitory

Question 32

Midazolam, diazepam, and lorazipam are all types of which class of drug?

Answer 32

Benzodiazepines

Question 33

Benzodiazapines are used as a premedication for general anesthesia because they cause?

Answer 33

sedation and amnesia

Question 34

do bensodiazapines causes respiratory depression?

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

Can you reverse (antagonize) a benzodiazepine?

Answer 35

Yes, you use flumazenil.

Question 36

Morphine is a benchmark drug that is used as a?

Answer 36

analgesic

Question 37

What does fentanyl do?

Answer 37

Its an opioid so it is used for analgesia

Question 38

Is the drug fentanyl fast onset? lipid soluble? antagonizable?

Answer 38

1) very quick onset 2) lipid soluble 3) can be antagonized by naloxone

Question 39

Fentanyl is generally used in anesthesia as a premedication but it can also have an effect on the MAC of anesthetics. What does it do with the MAC?

Answer 39

It decreases the MAC of volatile anesthetics.

Question 40

What does fentanyl do to the blood pressure?

Answer 40

nothing really.