2.3 (Lecture 3) - Nucleus

Question 1

necrosis

Answer 1

• process of acute, uncontrolled cell death
• die without activating the apoptotic pathway
• observe deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm
• nucleus remains largely intact and uncondensed

Question 2

inclusion

Answer 2

• anything contains within a cell’s cytoplasm

- normal inclusion: melanin - typical inclusion found in keratinocytes (would be abnormal if saw in connective tissue)

Question 3

lipofuscin

Answer 3

• example of a cellular inclusion
  = pigmented lipid
• more commonly found in aged cells (i.e. some CNS cells)
• accumulation in liver = pathology

Question 4

involution

Answer 4

= process of adipocytes accumulating naturally in an organ
= process of replacing organ’s parentchymal tissue with adipose tissue
- bone marrow + thymus do this as function of age

Question 5

steatosis

Answer 5

• Pathologic process of accumulation of adipocytes within an organ
• i.e. fatty liver

Question 6

concretions

Answer 6

• accumulations of mineralized deposits in an organ
• will see normal concretions in lumen of prostate (corpora amylacea) and in pineal gland (corpora arenacea) - both correlate with age

Question 7

glycocalyx

Answer 7

• formed by glycosylated proteins on or associated with the surface of a cell
• all cells are surrounded by a glycocalyx (cloud of glycosylated proteins)
• generally makes cell surface “slippery”
• typically epithelial cells have strong glycocalyx on the lumenal membrane and weaker on sides attached to adjacent connective tissue

Question 8

cellular histopathology

Answer 8

study of pathological morphology in cells

Question 9

cell swelling

Answer 9

a normally basophilic cytoplasm may become less so with swelling