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Nutrition > Chapter 2: Pet Foods (Hill) > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Pet Foods (Hill) Flashcards

1
Q

Main types of pet foods *

A
  • dry
  • canned/pouch
  • soft-moist
  • supplements and treats
  • home-made: raw and cooked
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2
Q

treats should comprise what percent of diet? *

A

10%

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3
Q

dry pet foods must have less than what percent moisture by AAFCO definitions? *

A

20% (most have ~10%)

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4
Q

canned/pouch food what percent moisture? *

A

> 65% (most have 75-80%)

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5
Q

which kind of food is generally lowest in fat? *

A

dry

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6
Q

____ food usually has higher fat/protein than dry food *

A

canned/pouch

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7
Q

soft moist food what percent moisture? *

A

20-65% (most have 30%)

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8
Q

humectants (i.e. sorbitol) are commonly added to: fx? *

A

soft moist foods. Fx = Bind water to prevent spoilage

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9
Q

p food market categories *

A
  • popular (national brands)
  • premium (therapeutic/life stage)
  • generic (local)
  • supplements/treats
  • therapeutic/life stage
  • raw/home-cooked

First 3 are generally complete and balanced

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10
Q

disadvantages of home made diets *

A
  • usually deficient in essential nutrients
  • animals pick/choose
  • time consuming
  • not tested on animals
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11
Q

danger of uncooked foods *

A
  • often contain pathogens
  • often unbalanced
  • not good to feed to young, old, pregnant, sick
  • no “only raw” nutrient
  • public health risk
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12
Q

DSHEA = *

A

dietary supplement health and education act.

  • restricted FDA’s authority in humans
  • “implied consent” for increased use in animals but not generally recognized as safe in pet food
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13
Q

neutroceuticals and food additivies have variable: *

A

quality, consistency, absorbability, and potency

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14
Q

T or F: health claims are not allowed for p neutraceut. and food additives *

A

True

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15
Q

general marketing strategy for pet foods *

A

increase # of brnads = increased shelf space = increased market share

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16
Q

2 other common p food marketing strategies *

A

anthropomorphism, niche targeting

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17
Q

p food is regulated on the federal/state/both level? *

A

both

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18
Q

AAFCO = ? What are its duties? *

A

association of american feed control officials.

  • Reviews labels and sets standards (definitions of feed ingredients, min/max recommendations, testing procedures, etc.)
  • Does NOT make/enforce laws.
  • A consultatory body only; each state can choose whether or not to follow its recommendations
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19
Q

What is “meat”? *

A

striated muscle from skeletal, heart, diaphragm, or esophagus

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20
Q

what are “meat by-products”? *

A

spleen, liver, kidney, bone, blood, fat, intestine

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21
Q

what is “meat by-product meal”? *

A

meat by-product that has been rendered to remove fat

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22
Q

What is required in the guaranteed analysis? *

A

crude protein/fat/fiber, moisture

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23
Q

what is NOT required in the guaranteed analysis (but often is)? *

A

ash, carbohydrate

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24
Q

ingredient list is ordered by: *

A

weight

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25
Q

which state is the most strict about enforcement of feed regulations? *

A

Texas

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26
Q

Dry foods are generally energy dense and inexpensive *

A

:)

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27
Q

decreased water content –> palatability

A

decreases

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28
Q

problem with using propylene glycol as a humectant

A

causes oxidative damage to RBCs and a Heinz body anemia in cats

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29
Q

therapeutic and life stage diets are considered ____ brands *

A

premium

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30
Q

why should you not add vitamins/minerals to commercial pet foods? *

A

unbalance a balanced diet! May lead to toxicity

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31
Q

When may addition of vitamins/minerals to diet be indicated?

A
  • balance a home-cooked diet
  • pharm. action
  • in some obese dogs w/ low energy requirements
32
Q

exces liver fed to cats —>

A

vitamin A toxicosis

33
Q

nutritional hyperparathyroidism is caused by: **

A

feeding too much meat which contains too little Ca. Lowers Ca:P ratio and results in Ca leaching from bones and pathologic fractures

34
Q

adding additional Ca to diet of growing dogs —>

A

osteochondrosis

35
Q

basic ingredients of home-made diets

A

protein, carb, and fat sources, multivitamin, potassium, dicalcium phosphate or bone meal

36
Q

home-cooked food should comprise less than ___ percent of the diet

A

10%

37
Q

BARF diet

A

bones and raw food (mimics “wild” diet)

38
Q

4D meat

A

raw meat product of dead, diseased, dying, or down animals at time of slaughter

39
Q

dogs are carnivores/omnivores?

A

omnivores

40
Q

T or F: salmonellsa is regularly isolated from animal AND vegetable components of animal feed

A

T

41
Q

Alabama rot

A

disease of E. coli in racing greyhounds. Causes vasculitis, cutaneous necrosis, renal failure, and death.

42
Q

Aujesky’s virus infection

A

(pseudorabies). Lethal dz in dogs/cats from consuimg infected pork

43
Q

disadvantages of bones

A
  • esophageal obstruction

- obstipation (colonic impaction)

44
Q

Drug

A

substance other than food intended to affect structure or function of body or to treat or prevent dz

45
Q

feed additive

A

ingredient added to fulfull a need, not GRAS and not nutrient, usually microquantities. (ex-preservatives, anitbiotics)

46
Q

neutraceutical/functional food

A

nutrient with drug like character

47
Q

herb

A

plant valued for medicinal properties

48
Q

____ reduces the risk of one food being accidentally deficient

A

variety

49
Q

meat alone can’t constitute a balanced diet without viscera

A

:)

50
Q

T or F: there is no evidence that any preservatives are detrimental to animal health

A

T

51
Q

T or F: several recipes may be used for each brand name

A

T

52
Q

most pet foods are more than ___% digestible

A

80%

53
Q

most pet food recalls are for:

A

Salmonella

54
Q

melamine

A

recalled in 2007. An inexpensive protein source that auses uroliths

55
Q

proprietary diet

A

attempts to deliver average nutrients midway b/w max and min requirements est. in normal animals

56
Q

crude fiber is a good/bad measure of fiber content *

A

bad

57
Q

“Natural” =

A

no chemically synthesized ingredients besides vitamins minerals and trace nutrients

58
Q

Is “organic” defined?

A

Yes, by USDA

59
Q

Is “holistic” defined?

A

No

60
Q

“human edible”

A

product that is legally suitable and approved for consumption by a person (USDA, FDA)

61
Q

Principle display panel includes:

A
  • manufacterer’s name/address
  • brand name
  • product name
  • designator (i.e. “for cats”)
  • net weight
  • product vignette (picture)
62
Q

Information panel includes:

A
  • nutritional adequacy claim (required for all foods except treats/snacks)
  • ingredient list
  • guaranteed analysis
  • manufacterer/distributor name/address
  • feeding directions
  • calorie content
  • comparison claims (i.e. low calorie)
  • other claims (i.e. “organic”)
63
Q

For comparison claims, “less or reduced calorie or fat” must state:

A

% reduction and product to which the comparison is made in same processing group

64
Q

“beef”

A

> 70% total product

65
Q

“beef dinner”

A

> 10% total product

66
Q

“with beef” or “and beef”

A

> 3% of ingredient excluding water

67
Q

“beef flavor”

A

recognizable by pet

68
Q

“stew” “in gel” “in gravy” “in aspic”

A

> 78% water

69
Q

Uniform State Feed Bill and Regulations

A

permits manufacturers to develop one label for use in all 50 states

70
Q

adulturated food

A

food containing noxious substance or lacking essential nutrient

71
Q

misbranded food

A

with false or misleading label or missing required info

72
Q

The sale of p food is regulated by:

A

FDA, Dept. of Ag.

ADVISORY committee = AAFCO

73
Q

Federal Trade Commission

A

regulates advertising including labels, prohibits false statements

74
Q

The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act

A

defines size and location of info on label

75
Q

USDA

A

regulations requires statement “animal (dog/cat) food” to distinguish from human food

Nutrition (16 decks)

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