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Nutrition > Section 1: Small Exotic Mammal Nutrition (Fredholm) > Flashcards

Section 1: Small Exotic Mammal Nutrition (Fredholm) Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: little or no AAFCO standards for many exotic species

A

T

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2
Q

Domesticated small exotics

A

rabbits, ferrets, rodents (rats, mice, guinea pigs, hamsters, gerbils) standards and research DO exist

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3
Q

non-domesticated small exotics

A

hedgehogs, sugar gliders, prairie dogs, etc. Very little known about their diet requirements!

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4
Q

Hind-gut fermenters (5)

A

rabbits, chinchillas, guinea pigs, degus, prairie dogs. Have a large cecum

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5
Q

Rabbit GIT chars.

A
  • large cecum
  • long GIT
  • lots of feces
  • cecotropes (higher in nutrients, eaten to reabsorb these)
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6
Q

Rabbit oral cavity chars.

A
  • 6 incisors (including 2 peg teeth)
  • cheek teeth for grinding
  • diastema (gap)
  • open-rooted continuously growing teeth
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7
Q

Fiber in hindgut fermenters is important for:

A
  • tooth wear
  • general oral health
  • gastric oral health
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8
Q

goal fiber content in diet of hindgut ferm.

A

20-25%. Fiber should also be appropriately long!

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9
Q

role of water in hind-gut fermenters

A

motility

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10
Q

Why are commercial pelleted diets not complete for rabbits?

A
  • not enough indigestible fiber
  • fiber too short
  • too much fat/protein
  • create an obese rabbit!
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11
Q

rabbits and too much fruit

A

decreases pH, resulting in dysbiosis (diarrhea, GI ulcers, poor absorption)

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12
Q

Benefits of chewing in rabbits

A

appropriate tooth wear, adequate GI motility

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13
Q

common health problems assoc. with inappropriate diet in rabbits

A
  • dental dz

- abnormal feces –> GI stasis/ileus*

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14
Q

Should you only examine rabbit incisors?

A

NO! Must always examine cheek teeth too; may require sedation, rads, CT

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15
Q

benefit of CT over dental rads

A

lets you see what’s going on under the gum line

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16
Q

what kind of hay to feed rabbits? Why?

A

grass, NOT legume hay. Legume is high in calcium and can cause hypercalcemia and is also too rich in protein and fat

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17
Q

Hypercalcemia in rabbits may cause:

A

stone formation w/n kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. Potential for urinary obstruction

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18
Q

Describe a proper rabbit diet

A
  • free choice timothy hay
  • small amt. pellets per 24 hrs
  • handful of greens (not spinach)
  • rare treats (i.e. carrots, squash)
  • rare fruit
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19
Q

bad brand of rabbit food. why?

A

Fiesta. high carbs, low fiber

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20
Q

Tx for anorexic hind gut fermenter

A
  • an emergency!
  • rehydrate
  • feed
  • pain control
  • determined why stopped eating
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21
Q

assisted feeding in HGFs

A

finely ground hay (high fiber). May be syringe fed

22
Q

Guinea pigs have special requirement for:

A

vitamin C (can’t synthesize on their own)

23
Q

scurvy in guinea pigs results in:

A
  • loose teeth, malocclusion

- joint problems, limping

24
Q

Guinea pigs have a long/short GI transit time?

A

long

25
Q

Complete Guinea pig diet composed of:

A
  • timothy-based pellets
  • handful greens,carrots
  • free choice hay
  • vit. C source
  • water
26
Q

common guinea pig nutritional dz

A
  • obesity
  • diabetes mellitus
  • dental dz
  • ileus/diarrhea/constipation
  • urolithiasis
  • hypovitaminosis C
27
Q

prairie dog natural diet

A

grasses, leaves, herbs, flowering plants, invertebrates

28
Q

prairie dog dietary recommendations

A
  • 80-85% timothy hay
  • 10-15% pellet
  • 5-10% greens, veggies
  • H2O
29
Q

common prairie dog dz

A
  • obesity

- dental dz, including odontoma

30
Q

history and tx of odontoma in prairie dogs

A

H: difficulty eating, upper airway dz, nasal discharge
Tx: removal of tooth/tumor, poor prognosis

can be related to poor diet

31
Q

Degus diet

A
  • little water

- hay, hay pellets, veggie treats

32
Q

Common nutritional Degus dz

A

diabetes (intolerant to high carbs, seeds in diet)

33
Q

Rodent diet

A

(omnivores)
- rodent block (16% protein, 4-5% fat), veggies
- avoid seeds

34
Q

rodent nut. dz

A
  • obesity

- neoplasia (2ary to obesity)

35
Q

Hedgehog GI

A
  • nocturnal insectivores
  • short simple GI tract
  • not rodents
36
Q

hedgehog diet

A

-insect-based diet, fruit, veggies

37
Q

hedgehog nut. dz

A
  • obesity
  • hepatic lipidosis
  • Ca deficiency
  • diabetes mellitus
  • dental dz
38
Q

opossums chars.

A
  • lower metabolic rate
  • nocturnal
  • omnivores
  • prone to obesity
39
Q

opossum diet

A

-feed like dogs + fruit, veggies, greens

40
Q

sugar gliders chars.

A
  • nocturnal
  • omnivores
  • complex wild diet of sap,nectar,pollen,insects,arachnids,etc.
  • commercial diet should include nectar, insects, protein source**, fruits, veggies
41
Q

sugar glider nut. dz

A
  • metabolic bone dz
  • hypocalcemia
  • hypoglycemia
  • hypoproteinemia
  • obesity
  • dental dz (from high carb, soft diets)
42
Q

pot bellied pigs dietary needs

A
  • omnivores
  • SMALL amt. of feed not too high in fat/protein (12% P, 2% F, 12-15% fiber)
  • don’t feed like commerical pigs!!
43
Q

PBP dz

A
  • obesity
  • white muscle dz (vit. E def.)
  • Urolithiasis (from high carb diet)
44
Q

ferret chars.

A
  • obligate carnivores
  • short GI tract
  • require high protein/fat, low fiber diet
  • can feed free choice
45
Q

ferret nut. dz

A
  • Insulinomas (too many carbs)

- eosinophilic gastroenteritis (food allergies? helicobacter?)

46
Q

skunk/raccoon chars.

A
  • omnivores

- feed like dog + veggies + meat

47
Q

skunk/raccoon nut. dz

A
  • obesity

- metabolic bone dz (Ca def.)

48
Q

primates chars.

A
  • omnivores
  • require vit. D3 and C
  • monkey biscuits should be mainstay of diet
  • challenging!
49
Q

primates nut. dz

A
  • Vit. C def. (scurvy)
  • metabolic bone dz/rickets
  • diabetes mellitus (high carb diet)
50
Q

how to control diabetes in primates?

A

diet, oral hypoglycemics, and/or insulin

51
Q

felids diet. requirements

A
  • taurine
  • Ca:P ratio important
  • meat + viscera (feed like domestic cats)
52
Q

felids nut. dz

A

metabolic bone dz very common

Nutrition (16 decks)

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