Renal Drug Mechanisms

Question 1

Inhibits Na/Cl cotransporter in distal tubule increases delivery of NaCl out of distal tubule, increases dilution but not concentration of urine, decreased calcium excretion

Answer 1

Hydrochlorthiazide, Chlorthiazide

Question 2

Inhibit Na/K/2Cl cotransporter in ascending Loop of Henle inhibits dilution and concentration of urine, promotes Ca++ and Mg++ excretion, causes vasodilation

Answer 2

Furosemide

Question 3

Blocks the beta receptor blocks catecholamine effects

Answer 3

Metoprolol, Carvedilol, Labetolol

Question 4

Inhibit AI AII converting enzyme increases renal blood flow

Answer 4

Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril

Question 5

Blocks the angiotensin receptor

Answer 5

Candesartan, Valsartan, Losartan

Question 6

Block L-type calcium channel receptors in vascular smooth muscle decreased Ca++ influx into cardiac and smooth muscle cells decreases intracellular Ca++ vasodilatation

Answer 6

Amlodipine, Nifedipine, Ditiazem, Verapamil

Question 7

Alpha-2 agonist

Answer 7

Clonidine

Question 8

Increases NO vasodilation

Answer 8

Nitroprusside

Question 9

Peripheral dopamine-1 receptor agonist

Answer 9

Fenoldopam

Question 10

Blocks the beta receptor blocks catecholamine effects (Also blocks alpha receptor)

Answer 10

Labetalol

Question 11

Block L-type calcium channel receptors in vascular smooth muscle decreased Ca++ influx into cardiac and smooth muscle cells decreases intracellular Ca++ vasodilatation

Answer 11

Nicardipine

Question 12

Inhibits monocyte/ macrophage IL1 production, Affects T-cell IL2 production, Impairs granulocyte activity, Lots of other stuff

Answer 12

Prednisone, Methyl-prednisone

Question 13

Inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase prevents de novo purine synthesis blocks B and T cell proliferation

Answer 13

Mycophenolic acid

Question 14

Target CD4+ cells and inhibit signal transduction from cell surface to nucleus prevents cytokine (IL2) production and release

Answer 14

Cyclosporin, Tacrolimus

Question 15

Inhibits B and T cell response to IL2

Answer 15

Rapamycin

Question 16

Binds with CD3 receptors T cells to shed all OKT3-CD3 complexes T cell can’t attach or recognize antigen

Answer 16

Anti-thymocyte globulin (OKT3)

Question 17

Stimulates erythropoiesis

Answer 17

Epoetin alfa

Question 18

1- alpha-hydroxylated form of vitamin D that bypasses renal activation to control serum PO4

Answer 18

Calcitrol

Question 19

Binds phosphate

Answer 19

CaCO3, Ca acetate

Question 20

Binds Pi by ion exchange

Answer 20

Sevelamer

Question 21

Inhibits membrane bound and cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase, Inhibits H+ secretion (HCO3 reabsorption), Increases delivery of NaCL and NaHCO3 out of PCT

Answer 21

Acetazolamide

Question 22

Poorly reabsorbable in the nephron obligatory water retention in lumen increase delivery of NaCl and water out of all segments, Rapid urine flow decreases NaCl and water reabsorption increases formation of dilute urine

Answer 22

Mannitol

Question 23

Inhibits epithelial Na channel reduces lumen negative membrane potential which results in inhibition of H+ and K+ secretion

Answer 23

Amlodipine, Triamterene

Question 24

Competes with aldosterone for binding to its receptor reduces activity of the ENaC channel and H+ ATPASe reduces lumen negative membrane potential inhibition of H+ and K+ secretion

Answer 24

Spirinolactone, Eplerenone

Question 25

Decreases production of cAMP inhibits the fusion of aquaporin 2 vesicles allows dilute urine to be excreted

Answer 25

Conivaptan