24 - DNA Viruses Part 1 (Stapleton) Flashcards by C R

naked DNA viruses

papilloma
parvoviridae
adenoviridae

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enveloped DNA viruses

herpesvirus
hepadnavirus
poxviridae

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herpesvirus characteristics

large dsDNA
icosahedral
enveloped
establish lifelong latency in host
severe disease in immunocompromised
8 types

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entry of herpesvirus

receptor mediated fusion of envelope with plasma membrane

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transcription of herpes virus

Intermediate early-start transcription
early genes-replication
late genes-structural genes

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lytic life cycle DNA synthesis

nucleoside kinase phosphorylates nucleoside needed for DNA transcription
DNA polymerase transcribes new viral DNA

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herpes replicates episomally

independent of host chromosome

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herpes egress

assembly in nucleus
traverse nuclear membrane
enter golgi body and traffic to plasma membrane to leave cell

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herpes latency

viral lytic gene is turned off
latent gene is turned on-highly restricted, only a few genes
latent and lytic viruses are different population of cells

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herpes pathogenesis

transmission contact with secretions
lytic replication in cells
virus passed to population for latency and maintained in these cells for remainder of hosts life

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HSV-1

common worldwide
spread by close contact
asymptomatic and symptomatic sheddin

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HSV-1 infection

initially at epithelial cells at mucocutaneous surfaces
spread to sensory nerves
ascend axons to nearest ganglion

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cold sore latency where

trigeminal gangion

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HSV-1 reinfection

traffic down sensory neuron to infect epithelial cells at original infection
lytic infection
epidermal destruction

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HSV-1 symptoms of primary infection

asymptomatic
primary gingivostomatits
ocular herpes
herpetic whitlow
genital herpes

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HSV-1 pathology

diagnostic
multinucleated giant cells
inclusion bodies

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HSV-1 symptoms of reinfection

asymptomatic
cold sore
herpes keratitis
herpetic whitlow
herpes encephalitis
genital lesion

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HSV-1 in immune deficiency

severe and long lived disease
visceral disease
encephalitis

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HSV-2 characteristics

worldwide
less prevalent than HSV-1
spread sexually

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HSV-2 latency

in spinal gangion

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HSV-2 primary infection

asymptomatic
genital herpes
neonatal herpes
primary gingivostomatits

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HSV-2 reinfection

asymptomatic
genital herpes
cold sores

varicella zoster virus characteristics

worldwide
respiratory spread
no asymptomatic sheddin

chicken pox symptoms

fever
malaise
pruritic vesicular rash

chicken pox pathogenesis

respiratory infection traffic from lungs to organs to skin virus released by sneezing or coughing

chicken pox latency

ascend up sensory axons to sensory ganglia

reactivation of chicken pox

herpes zoster/shingles rash on single dermatome post herpetic neuralgia

chickenpox vaccine

live attenuated virus | 2 doses

shingles vaccine

adults >60 years

EBV characteristics

worldwide | spread by close contact (kissing disease)

EBV pathogenesis

replication in oropharyngeal cells spread to circulating B cells-swollen lymph nodes and spleen viremia from replication in circulating B cells

EBV reactivation

viral spread to epithelial cells in oropharynx | oropharyngeal and B cells shed EBV in saliva

EBV primary infection

mononucleosis

mononucleosis symptoms

fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, | atypical lymphocytosis

EBV reactivation

asymptomatic shedding

acute EBV tests for diagnosis

monospot positive heterophile antibody positive (production of IgM) EBNA negative

EBV tumors

B cell lymphoma burkitts lymphona nasopharyngeal carcinoma

prior EBV diagnosis

EBNA positive

CMV characteristics

worldwide | close contact/sex spread

CMV pathogenesis

primary infection of mucosa latency in monocytes reactivation and shedding

shedding of CMV blocked by

CD8 T cells

CMV symptoms

atypical lymphocytes fever, pharyngitis adenopathy NO heterophile antibody

congenital disease of CMV

birth defects | deafness, vision impairment, developmental abnormalities

HHV-6 characteristics

in 90% of adults acquire in childhood spread by close contact

HHV-6 pathogenesis

spread by saliva latent in T cell, monocytes, macrophages reactivation is asymptomatic

HHV-6 symptoms

roseola- rash | fever

HHV-7

rarely cause disease | can cause roseola

HHV-8 characteristics

causes kaposi sarcoma sexual transmission seen in mediterranean men and men with AIDS

HHV-8 pathogenesis

infects B cells and endothelium latency in B cells shedding in saliva and semen In immune suppressed

HHV-8 treatment

no vaccine | treat underlying immune deficiency

pox virus characteristics

largest human virus enveloped linear DNA

poxvirus types

orthopox parapox yatapox molluscipox

orthopox causes

smallpox

molluscum contagiosum

spread by contact or fomite painless skin nodules with virus inside STI