28 - Overview and Skin Mycoses (Klutts)

Question 1

fungi characteristics

Answer 1

neither plants nor animals
eukaryotic
abundant in nature (air, water, soil)

Question 2

yeast characteristics

Answer 2

unicellular
round
reproduce by budding

Question 3

mold characteristics

Answer 3

multicellular

reproduce and grow by hyphae

Question 4

dimorphic fungi characteristics

Answer 4

exist as either a yeast or mold

Question 5

structure of fungi

Answer 5

polysaccharide capsule
cell wall
cell membrane
cytoplasm

Question 6

polysaccharide capsule

Answer 6

outer layer

antiphagocytic (virulence factor)

Question 7

cell wall

Answer 7

made of chitin, glycan, mannans
antigenic
makes shape, rigidity, strength

Question 8

cell membrane

Answer 8

phospholipid bilayer
made of ergosterol (target for antifungal)
protects cytoplasm

Question 9

ways to visualize fungi

Answer 9

KOH (dissolve human cells)
calcofluor white (bind chitin)
GMS (silver stains)

Question 10

superficial mycoses characteristics

Answer 10

cosmetic problem
no host reaction
easily diagnosed and treated

Question 11

types of superficial mycoses infections

Answer 11

tinea versicolor
tinea nigra
black piedra
white piedra

Question 12

tinea versicolor

Answer 12

pityriasis

superficial chronic infection of stratum corneum

Question 13

tinea versicolor caused and transmitted by

Answer 13

malassezia (furfur or globosa)

human to human

Question 14

tinea versicolor symptoms

Answer 14

hyper/hypo pigmented maculae

Question 15

tinea versicolor treatment

Answer 15

topical therapy

Question 16

tinea versicolor microscopy

Answer 16

spaghetti and meatballs

requires lipid sourced to grow

Question 17

tinea nigra

Answer 17

superficial chronic infection of stratum corneum

Question 18

tinea nigra caused by

Answer 18

hortae wernekii

in tropical areas

Question 19

tinea nigra symptoms

Answer 19

brownish maculae on palms/soles

look like melanoma

Question 20

diagnosis of tinea nigra

Answer 20

dark pigmented septate with elongated budding

Question 21

black piedra

Answer 21

fungal infection of hair, hard dark nodules

piedraia hortae

Question 22

white piedra

Answer 22

fungal infection of hair, loose white nodules

trichosporon species

Question 23

treatment of black/white piedra

Answer 23

antifungal cream, shampoos, shaving

Question 24

ringworm

Answer 24

tinea, dermatophytosis

infection of hair, skin, nails caused by dermatophytes (keratinophilic)

Question 25

ringworm named by

Answer 25

anatomical location

Question 26

``` barbae corporis capitis cruris pedis manuum unguinum ```

Answer 26

``` beard below eyes above eyes groin feet hands nails ```

Question 27

3 genera of dermatophytes

Answer 27

microsporum epidermophyton trichophyton

Question 28

dermatophytes classified by habitat

Answer 28

anthropophilic (humans) geophilic (soil) zoophilic (animals)

Question 29

transmission of dermatophytes

Answer 29

direct human to human indirect sharing clothes, combs, towels zoophilic animals to humans

Question 30

dermatophyte infection symptoms

Answer 30

skin-dry, erythematous, scaly, itchy lesion hair-scarring, alopecia, favus nails-thickened, deformed

Question 31

favus

Answer 31

``` variant of tinea capitis scutula formation (yellow crusts) ```

Question 32

diagnosis of dermatophytosis

Answer 32

clinical appearance KOH culture on selective media

Question 33

treatment of dermatophytes

Answer 33

topical antifungal | oral therapy for tinea capitis, barbae, and nail infections

Question 34

subcutaneous mycoses characteristics

Answer 34

from trauma or implantation found in soil/vegetation difficult to treat

Question 35

most common subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 35

sporotrichosis chromoblastomycosis phaeohyphomycosis eumycotic mycetoma

Question 36

sporotrichosis characteristics

Answer 36

chronic infection involving cutaneous, subcutaneous, and **lymphatic tissue frequently seen in gardeners **sporothrix schenkii

Question 37

sporotrichosis symptoms

Answer 37

nodule-ulcer-necrotic ulcer-subcutaneous tissue-lymphatic channels-lymph nodes

Question 38

sporotrichosis diagnosis

Answer 38

``` aspriation of fluid/pus KOH Yeast cells in tissue black cigar shaped yeast mycelial form rosette clusters of conidia ```

Question 39

chromoblastomycosis characteristics

Answer 39

posttraumatic chronic infection by dematiaceous fungi | found in tropical areas, barefoot

Question 40

chromoblastomycosis symptoms

Answer 40

papules-warty nodules-verrucous cauliflower like lesions

Question 41

chromoblastomycosis diagnosis

Answer 41

sclerotic body/medlar body

Question 42

phaeohyphomycosis characteristics

Answer 42

post traumatic mycotic infection of subcutaneous tissue by dematiaceous fungi

Question 43

phaeohyphomycosis symptoms

Answer 43

phaeohyphomycotic cyst

Question 44

phaeohyphomycosis diagnosis

Answer 44

pigmented septate hyphal fragments

Question 45

mycetoma characteristics

Answer 45

posttraumatic chronic infection of subcutaneous tissue can extend to fascia, muscle, and tissue seen in tropical climates

Question 46

causitive agents of mycetoma

Answer 46

eumycetoma | actinomycetoma

Question 47

mycetoma symptoms

Answer 47

Abscess formation | draining sinuses containing granules

Question 48

treatment of subcutaneous infections

Answer 48

surgical excission of lesion | antifungal agents, azoles